By the abstracts:
"CD7− T Cells are Late Memory Cells Generated from CD7+ T Cells" by Gunter Rappl, David Schrama, Andreas Hombach, Eva Katharina Meuer, Annette Schmidt, Jürgen C. Becker, and Hinrich Abken. Details of immune system about which I understand practically nothing. For the record, they say CD7- cells are T cells in late memory cell development, have a high activation threshold, low effector capacities and high sensitivity to activation-induced cell death.
"Carotenoids as Protection Against Disability in Older Persons" by Fulvio Lauretani, Richard D. Semba, Stefania Bandinelli, Margaret Dayhoff-Brannigan, Fabrizio Lauretani, Anna Maria Corsi, Jack M. Guralnik, and Luigi Ferrucci. Measured plasma carotenoids in 928 >65 year olds, as supposed proxy of fruit and vegetable intake. Higher carotenoid correlated with higher walking speed at original measurement, higher speed at remeasurement 6 years later and lower likelihood of becoming unable to walk (all the odd ratios around 0.5).
"Altered Expression of Mismatch Repair Proteins Associated with Acquisition of Microsatellite Instability in a Clonal Model of Human T Lymphocyte Aging" by Simona Neri, Graham Pawelec, Andrea Facchini, Cinzia Ferrari, and Erminia Mariani. T-cell clones in vitro that develop microsatellite instability have disregulated expression of mismatch repair proteins. Those that don't don't.
"Homeostatic Cytokines and Expansion of Regulatory T Cells Accompany Thymic Impairment in Children with Down Syndrome" by Erika Roat, Nicole Prada, Enrico Lugli, Milena Nasi, Roberta Ferraresi, Leonarda Troiano, Chiara Giovenzana, Marcello Pinti, Ornella Biagioni, Mauro Mariotti, Angelo Di Iorio, Ugo Consolo, Fiorella Balli, and Andrea Cossarizza. Kids with Down syndrome have very different immunological profiles from control kids.
"Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Structural Changes in a Pedigree of Asymptomatic Progranulin Mutation Carriers" by B. Borroni, A. Alberici, E. Premi, S. Archetti, V. Garibotto, C. Agosti, R. Gasparotti, M. Di Luca, D. Perani, and A. Padovani. Measurements of differences and non-differences in brain areas between controls, asymptomatic carriers of progranulin mutations with family history of frontotemporal lobar degeneration and people with family history of FTLD but no progranulin mutation.
"Caloric Restriction Retards the Age-Related Decline in Mitochondrial Function of Brown Adipose Tissue" by Adamo Valle, Rocío Guevara, Francisco José García-Palmer, Pilar Roca, and Jordi Oliver. The english in this one isn't very clear: they compared 2-year old 40% CR rats with 2-year old and 6-month old controls: lower brown adipose tissue (BAT) "size with respect to fat content and adipocyte number" (ratio?). Higher mtDNA content in CR > old control > young control. CR BAT slowed decline of total and mt protein, COX activity and uncoupling capacity. They think CR prevents decline in mt function, probably due to lower decline in mt biogenesis.
"Caloric Restriction But Not Exercise-Induced Reductions in Fat Mass Decrease Plasma Triiodothyronine Concentrations: A Randomized Controlled Trial" by Edward P. Weiss, Dennis T. Villareal, Susan B. Racette, Karen Steger-May, Bhartur N. Premachandra, Samuel Klein, and Luigi Fontana. What the title says. 18 CR, 17 exercise, 9 controls. 50-60 year olds. No change in TSH, T4 and FT4. Decent weight changes in CR and exercise.
"Mitochondrial DNA Mutations May Contribute to Aging Via Cell Death Caused by Peptides that Induce Cytochrome c Release" by Steven J. Dubec, Rajeev Aurora, and H. Peter Zassenhaus. Biochemical evidence saying that mtDNA mutations generate a peptide that causes release of cytochrome c. Simulations from that to age-related mtDNA mutations causing significant levels of cell death. Also, mice with shitty proofreading version of poly gamma in the heart develop cardiomyopathy.
"Effect of Every Other Day Feeding on Mitochondrial Free Radical Production and Oxidative Stress in Mouse Liver" by Pilar Caro, José Gómez, Mónica López-Torres, Inés Sánchez, Alba Naudi, Manuel Portero-Otín, Reinald Pamplona, and Gustavo Barja. EOD feeding of mice lowered free radical leakeage from complex 1 but not complex 3 of liver mt. Also lowered mtDNA oxidative marker, protein oxidation, glycoxidation and lipoxidation, apoptosis inducing factor, PGC1-alpha and UCP2.
"Ketogenic Diets Cause Opposing Changes in Synaptic Morphology in CA1 Hippocampus and Dentate Gyrus of Late-Adult Rats" by Marta Balietti, Belinda Giorgetti, Patrizia Fattoretti, Yessica Grossi, Giuseppina Di Stefano, Tiziana Casoli, Daniela Platano, Moreno Solazzi, Fiorenza Orlando, Giorgio Aicardi, and Carlo Bertoni-Freddari. Brain stuff. Bad effects from fat-producing diets in hippocampal CA1, good in dentate gyrus. In mice.
"Creatine Supplementation Augments Skeletal Muscle Carnosine Content in Senescence-Accelerated Mice (SAMP8)" by Wim Derave, Glenys Jones, Peter Hespel, and Roger C. Harris. Accelerated-aging mice had drops in muscle content of carnosine, anserine, taurine and total creatine. Creatine supplementation raised it compared to controls while young but not when old.
"Regulating the Age-Related Oxidative Damage, Mitochondrial Integrity, and Antioxidative Enzyme Activity in Fischer 344 Rats by Supplementation of the Antioxidant Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate" by Qingying Meng, Chidambaram Natesa Velalar, and Runsheng Ruan. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate aka EGCG is the main catechin in tea. High EGCG doses had lower DNA-oxidation marker and better mt potential in lymphocytes and lower deletion of ND4 region in mtDNA in the liver. In rats.
"L-Cysteine Influx in Erythrocytes as a Function of Human Age" by Syed Ibrahim Rizvi and Pawan Kumar Maurya. Red-blood cells from old people suspended in L-cysteine solution absorb less L-cysteine than red blood cells from young people.
Some leftovers from SENS3 that probably didn't fit in the previous issue:
"Genetic Susceptibility Sets for Alzheimer's Disease Identified from Diverse Candidate Loci" by Elizabeth H. Corder, Kaj Blennow, and Jonathan A. Prince. Fancy statistical analysis of GWAS plus physiological measures for detecting sets of features that lead to high risk of AD. 938 AD patients and 397 controls. Sounds interesting, need to understand details.
"Senescence Induces a Proangiogenic Switch in Human Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells" by Krzysztof Ksiazek, Achim Jörres, and Janusz Witowski. What the title says. They think this is why cancers metastise to the peritoneum when old.
Commentaries:
"On Methionine Restriction, Suppression of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Aging" by Alan R. Hipkiss. Gives possible mechanisms by which methionine restriction might be beneficial: lower protein synthesis leading to lower mutant proteins. Ligher work for proteases so they can deal with post-translational problems. Alteration of protein folding (how?), increased lysosomal proteolysis, autophagy of mt and mitogenesis. May decrease SAM => decrease in O6-methylguanine, also might affect gene silencing.
A look at a thesis by Tamuna Chadashvili that looks at neural stem cell generation in rats. Seems to have found another region of generation aside from measuring a whole bunch of correlates with generation.
Tuesday, September 22, 2015
Sunday, September 20, 2015
Issue 2, 2008
This seems to be the SENS-3 conference proceedings report. Very few interesting ones.
By the abstracts, and by the sections they are under:
Cardiovascular disease
"Age-Specific Modulation of Genes Involved in Lipid and Cholesterol Homeostasis by Dietary Zinc" by Dawn J. Mazzatti, Eugenio Mocchegiani, and Jonathan R. Powell. The abstract doesn't say any more than the title.
"Modulation of Genes Involved in Zinc Homeostasis in Old Low-Grade Atherosclerotic Patients Under Effects of HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors" by Laura Costarelli, Elisa Muti, Marco Malavolta, Robertina Giacconi, Catia Cipriano, Davide Sartini, Monica Emanuelli, Mauro Silvestrini, Leandro Provinciali, Beatrice Gobbi, and Eugenio Mocchegiani. Beyond me. Something about zinc signalling in specific immune cells.
"TLR2 and Age-Related Diseases: Potential Effects of Arg753Gln and Arg677Trp Polymorphisms in Acute Myocardial Infarction" by Carmela Rita Balistreri, Guiseppina Candore, Monica Mirabile, Domenico Lio, Gregorio Caimi, Egle Incalcaterra, Marco Caruso, Enrico Hoffmann, and Calogero Caruso. No association between those two polymorphisms and MI.
"A Novel Zip2 Gln/Arg/Leu Codon 2 Polymorphism Is Associated with Carotid Artery Disease in Aging" by Robertina Giacconi, Elisa Muti, Marco Malavolta, Maurizio Cardelli, Sara Pierpaoli, Catia Cipriano, Laura Costarelli, Silvia Tesei, Vittorio Saba, and Eugenio Mocchegiani. Patients with carotid stenosis have more GG and less TT in codon 2 of the hZIP2 gene than controls.
Neurodegeneration
"DNA Vaccine Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease: Present Status and Future Direction" by Yoshio Okura and Yoh Matsumoto. Review of vaccine therapies for Alzheimer's and positive data about non-viral DNA vaccine experiments on mice.
"Decreased Presence of Perforated Synapses in a Triple-Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease" by Carlo Bertoni-Freddari, Stefano L. Sensi, Belinda Giorgetti, Marta Balietti, Giuseppina Di Stefano, Lorella M.T. Canzoniero, Tiziana Casoli, and Patrizia Fattoretti. Comparison of the brains of an Alzheimer's mouse model with controls.
"An Ultrasensitive Assay for Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease" by Susanne Aileen Funke, Eva Birkmann, Franziska Henke, Philipp Görtz, Christian Lange-Asschenfeldt, Detlev Riesner, and Dieter Willbold. Test for amyloid beta using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (no idea). Correlations between those measurements and clinical AD symptoms. (Did this become accepted? Sounds very useful)
"Alzheimer's Disease-Like Changes in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infected Cells: The Case for Antiviral Therapy" by Ruth F. Itzhaki and Matthew A. Wozniak. Investigates link between HSV1 infection in the brain and AD, with APOE variants acting as modulators, possibly due to competitive binding of HSV1 entry into cell.
"Cerebral Amyloid-Beta Protein Accumulation with Aging in Cotton-Top Tamarins: A Model of Early Alzheimer's Disease?" by Cynthia A. Lemere, Jiwon Oh, Heather A. Stanish, Ying Peng, Imelda Pepivani, Anne M. Fagan, Haruyasu Yamaguchi, Susan V. Westmoreland, and Keith G. Mansfield. Cotton-top tamarins have amyloid beta plaques.
"Long-Term Visual Object Recognition Memory in Aged Rats" by Daniela Platano, Patrizia Fattoretti, Marta Balietti, Carlo Bertoni-Freddari, and Giorgio Aicardi. They developed a long term (24 hours) memory test that old rats can perform. Supposedly, none was reported before. Interesting also that number of rat-turds is used as a measurement of anxiety.
"Synaptic Remodeling in Hippocampal CA1 Region of Aged Rats Correlates with Better Memory Performance in Passive Avoidance Test" by Daniela Platano, Patrizia Fattoretti, Marta Balietti, Belinda Giorgetti, Tiziana Casoli, Giuseppina Di Stefano, Carlo Bertoni-Freddari, and Giorgio Aicardi. Density of synapses and mitochondria was higher and mitochondrial volume was lower in the rat CA1 hippocampal region 9 hours compared to 6 hours after a memory training exercise in rats that learnt well.
"Immunological Approaches for Amyloid-beta Clearance Toward Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease" by Beka Solomon. Seems to be a review of vaccines against amyloid-beta, but hard to tell.
"A Highly Sensitive Diagnostic Assay for Aggregate-Related Diseases, Including Prion Diseases and Alzheimer's Disease" by Eva Birkmann, Franziska Henke, Susanne Aileen Funke, Oliver Bannach, Detlev Riesner, and Dieter Willbold. Another ultra-sensitive test of protein aggregates by the same group as the one above. This time using surface-fluorescence intensity distribution analysis (and again, no idea).
"Aggregation and Amyloid Fibril Formation of the Prion Protein Is Accelerated in the Presence of Glycogen" by Giannantonio Panza, Jan Stöhr, Eva Birkmann, Detlev Riesner, Dieter Willbold, Otto Baba, Tatsuo Terashima, and Christian Dumpitak. Prion and prion fibril formation is accelerated by the presence of glycogen.
Stem cells
"Characterizing Endothelial Cells Derived from the Murine Embryonic Stem Cell Line CCE" by Fardin Fathi, Abbas Jafari Kermani, Leila Pirmoradi, Seyed Javad Mowla, and Takayuki Asahara. Description of a process to generate endothelial cells from mice ESCs, and characterisation of the generated cells.
"Characterization and Genetic Manipulation of Human Umbilical Cord Vein Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Potential Application in Cell-Based Gene Therapy" by Abbas Jafari Kermani, Fardin Fathi, and Seyed Javad Mowla. Isolation and characterisation of gene expression and surface markers of human umbilical cord vein mesenchymal stem cells. They also electroporated green fluorescent protein and brain-derived neurotrophic factor genes in and got them expressed.
Mitochondria and Oxidative Damage
"Selective Decline of the Metabolic Competence of Oversized Synaptic Mitochondria in the Old Monkey Cerebellum" by Carlo Bertoni-Freddari, Marta Balietti, Belinda Giorgetti, Yessica Grossi, Tiziana Casoli, Giuseppina Di Stefano, Gemma Perretta, and Patrizia Fattoretti. Numeric density, volume density, average volume and average length of mitochondria in the cortex wasn't different between adult and old crab-eating macaques. What was different was the ratio of COX cytochemical precipitate to area of the mitochondrion, which declined, but only in large mitochondria. They take that ratio to be a proxy for mitochondrial metabolic competence.
"Oxidative Stress in Patients with Acute Heart Failure" by Jean-Christophe Charniot, Noëlle Vignat, Jean-Paul Albertini, Vera Bogdanova, Khaled Zerhouni, Jean-Jacques Monsuez, Alain Legrand, Jean-Yves Artigou, and Dominique Bonnefont-Rousselot. Ten people with dilated cardiomyopathy. Higher thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and lower total antioxidant status (TAS), especially when they had arrythmias. Normal alpha-tocopherol, vitamin A and beta-carotene. TBARS and TAS returned to normal once patients returned to stable conditions.
"Anti-Inflammatory Senescence Actives 5203-L Molecule to Promote Healthy Aging and Prolongation of Lifespan" by Jean-François Bisson, Chantal Menut, and Patrizia d'Alessio. The monoterpene AISA 5203-L reverses replicative senescence of human vascular endothelial cells and mellows stress according to some tests. Focus seems to be on medium-stress inducing disease. Hippy vibe but maybe I'm misreading.
"Do Mitochondrial DNA and Metabolic Rate Complement Each Other in Determination of the Mammalian Maximum Longevity?" by Gilad Lehmann, Elena Segal, Khachik K. Muradian, and Vadim E. Fraifeld. GC content of mtDNA together with resting metabolic rate can explain 77% of the variation in maximum lifespan in a study of 140 mammalian species. Maybe interesting.
"Zinc, Metallothioneins, Longevity: Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Antioxidant Response: A Zincage Study" by Eugenio Mocchegiani and The Zincage Consortium. Something about zinc, clusterin, PARP-1 MSR-A, methallothioneins and IL-6. Not sure what.
Immunosenescence
"Immunosenescence and Anti-Immunosenescence Therapies: The Case of Probiotics" by Giuseppina Candore, Carmela Rita Balistreri, Giuseppina Colonna-Romano, Maria Paola Grimaldi, Domenico Lio, Florinda Listi', Letizia Scola, Sonya Vasto, and Calogero Caruso. Possible strategies to defend against thymic involution, domination by memory T-cell and chronic inflammation through probiotics.
"B Cell Immunosenescence in the Elderly and in Centenarians" by Giuseppina Colonna-Romano, Matteo Bulati, Alessandra Aquino, Salvatore Vitello, Domenico Lio, Giuseppina Candore, and Calogero Caruso. B-cells in old people don't respond to new pathogens.
Intracellular Aggregates
"Can Lipofuscin Accumulation Be Prevented?" by Tino Kurz. Reducing intralysosomal iron reduces oxidative stress which could reduce lipofuscin formation. Wants to try pulse doses of iron chelators to see.
"Accumulating Insoluble Protein and Rate of Aging" by Anund Hallén. Thinks there's a link between the exponential form of the Gompertz law with the logarithmic space available to macromolecules in cells due to the formation of a polymer network in the cell which stops the macromolecules/colloids from moving through the cell.
Cell senescence
"Role of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell Senescence" by Christoph Muck, Lucia Micutkova, Werner Zwerschke, and Pidder Jansen-Durr. IGFBP-3 transfection induces apoptosis and senescence in HUVEC. Knockdown by shRNA doesn't revert that.
"Metallothionein Downregulation in Very Old Age: A Phenomenon Associated with Cellular Senescence?" by Marco Malavolta, Catia Cipriano, Laura Costarelli, Robertina Giacconi, Silvia Tesei, Elisa Muti, Francesco Piacenza, Sara Pierpaoli, Annis Larbi, Graham Pawelec, George Dedoussis, George Herbein, Daniela Monti, Jolanta Jajte, Lothar Rink, and Eugenio Mocchegiani. MT proteins decrease in the very old, independent of zinc intake. Age-dependent zinc changes also happen in CD4+ T cells in vitro and peripheral blood mononuclear cells ex-vivo. They follow this with a "thus" old age problems might be partially attributable to diminished cell proliferation, implying that the above is related to cell proliferation.
"Repeat Mild Heat Shock Increases Dermal Fibroblast Activity and Collagen Production" by Andrew E. Mayes and Caroline D. Holyoak. What the title says, in cells from a 12, 22 and 65 year olds.
Nutrient Sensing
"Relationship Between Calorie Restriction and the Biological Clock: Lessons from Long-Lived Transgenic Mice" by Oren Froy, Nava Chapnik, and Ruth Miskin. alpha-MUPA mice eat 20% less and live 20% longer. They have high amplitude, appropriately reset circadian rhythms in clock gene expression, and circadian behaviours. (I'm not sure what that means. That the sun resets the gene expression rhythm quickly?) They say that since CR resets circadian rhythm, maybe that's a mediator of the longevity extension.
"Enhancing Longevity: Novel Caloric Restriction Mimetics" by Alexander E. Michalow. No abstract. First page didn't get to the point.
Psychological, Political, and Social Context
"Zinc in Elderly People: Effects of Zinc Supplementation on Psychological Dimensions in Dependence of IL-6 -174 Polymorphism: A Zincage Study" by Fiorella Marcellini, Cinzia Giuli, Roberta Papa, Cristina Gagliardi, George Dedoussis, Daniela Monti, Jolanta Jajte, Robertina Giacconi, Marco Malavolta, and Eugenio Mocchegiani. Looked at zinc intake combined with 174-polymorphism in IL-6 in old people. Improved perceived stress but not results of mini-mental state examination or geriatric depression scale.
"Making the Political Case for Biogerontology Funding: A View from the Trenches" by Huber R. Warner. Funding.
General
"Have We Reached the Point for In Vivo Rejuvenation?" by Amir Abramovich, Khachik K. Muradian, and Vadim E. Fraifeld. Wants to try de-differentiation and re-differentiation in vivo. Hints at iPSCs. Was waiting for this to pop up.
"Scientific Justification of Cryonics Practice" by Benjamin P. Best. Open access but not reading. I suspect I'm familiar with the arguments, don't need to be convinced.
"Youth Maintenance and Postponing Human Aging in Reality" by Ülo Kristjuhan. Nothing concrete in abstract (not intended), but vaguely how to accelerate the life extension currently happening.
"Role of Environmental and Genetic Factor Interaction in Age-Related Disease Development: The Gastric Cancer Paradigm" by Giusi Irma Forte, Cinzia Calà, Letizia Scola, Antonino Crivello, Arianna Gullo, Lorenzo Marasà, Antonio Giacalone, Celestino Bonura, Calogero Caruso, Domenico Lio, and Anna Giammanco. The 511T-variant of IL-1 beta is associated with an increased risk of chronic gastritis.
'“Accelerating Aging” Chemotherapy on Aged Animals: Protective Effect from Nutraceutical Modulation' by Francesco Marotta, Masatoshi Harada, Emilio Minelli, Suzanne K. Ono-Nita, and Paulo Marandola. Denshichi-Tochiu-Sen recovered macrophage chemotaxis, function and concentration and some other things on mice given chemotherapy.
"Muscular Metabolism in Aged Rats Under Exhaustive Exercise: Effect of a Modified Alkaline Supplementation" by Francesco Marotta, De Hua Chui, Aldo Lorenzetti, Flavia Fayet, Tsin Liu, and Paolo Marandola. They added modified alkalizing supplementation (MAS) to some rats running them to exhaustion. Exercise increased lactic acid and creatin-phosphokinase, and dropped muscle glycogen. MAS group had bigger succinate dehydrogenase and acetylcarinitine increases.
"Genetic Polymorphisms and Human Aging: Association Studies Deliver" by David Melzer. GWAS found polymorphisms in INK4a/INK4b and CDKN2a/b genes in p16/p15 locus linked with differences in physical function in old people. Later GWAS studying type 2 diabetes and MI confirms importance of this locus.
"Making SENSE: Strategies for Engineering Negligible Senescence Evolutionarily" by Michael R. Rose. Treat aging through evolutionary means. Rose-ish content.
By the abstracts, and by the sections they are under:
Cardiovascular disease
"Age-Specific Modulation of Genes Involved in Lipid and Cholesterol Homeostasis by Dietary Zinc" by Dawn J. Mazzatti, Eugenio Mocchegiani, and Jonathan R. Powell. The abstract doesn't say any more than the title.
"Modulation of Genes Involved in Zinc Homeostasis in Old Low-Grade Atherosclerotic Patients Under Effects of HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors" by Laura Costarelli, Elisa Muti, Marco Malavolta, Robertina Giacconi, Catia Cipriano, Davide Sartini, Monica Emanuelli, Mauro Silvestrini, Leandro Provinciali, Beatrice Gobbi, and Eugenio Mocchegiani. Beyond me. Something about zinc signalling in specific immune cells.
"TLR2 and Age-Related Diseases: Potential Effects of Arg753Gln and Arg677Trp Polymorphisms in Acute Myocardial Infarction" by Carmela Rita Balistreri, Guiseppina Candore, Monica Mirabile, Domenico Lio, Gregorio Caimi, Egle Incalcaterra, Marco Caruso, Enrico Hoffmann, and Calogero Caruso. No association between those two polymorphisms and MI.
"A Novel Zip2 Gln/Arg/Leu Codon 2 Polymorphism Is Associated with Carotid Artery Disease in Aging" by Robertina Giacconi, Elisa Muti, Marco Malavolta, Maurizio Cardelli, Sara Pierpaoli, Catia Cipriano, Laura Costarelli, Silvia Tesei, Vittorio Saba, and Eugenio Mocchegiani. Patients with carotid stenosis have more GG and less TT in codon 2 of the hZIP2 gene than controls.
Neurodegeneration
"DNA Vaccine Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease: Present Status and Future Direction" by Yoshio Okura and Yoh Matsumoto. Review of vaccine therapies for Alzheimer's and positive data about non-viral DNA vaccine experiments on mice.
"Decreased Presence of Perforated Synapses in a Triple-Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease" by Carlo Bertoni-Freddari, Stefano L. Sensi, Belinda Giorgetti, Marta Balietti, Giuseppina Di Stefano, Lorella M.T. Canzoniero, Tiziana Casoli, and Patrizia Fattoretti. Comparison of the brains of an Alzheimer's mouse model with controls.
"An Ultrasensitive Assay for Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease" by Susanne Aileen Funke, Eva Birkmann, Franziska Henke, Philipp Görtz, Christian Lange-Asschenfeldt, Detlev Riesner, and Dieter Willbold. Test for amyloid beta using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (no idea). Correlations between those measurements and clinical AD symptoms. (Did this become accepted? Sounds very useful)
"Alzheimer's Disease-Like Changes in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infected Cells: The Case for Antiviral Therapy" by Ruth F. Itzhaki and Matthew A. Wozniak. Investigates link between HSV1 infection in the brain and AD, with APOE variants acting as modulators, possibly due to competitive binding of HSV1 entry into cell.
"Cerebral Amyloid-Beta Protein Accumulation with Aging in Cotton-Top Tamarins: A Model of Early Alzheimer's Disease?" by Cynthia A. Lemere, Jiwon Oh, Heather A. Stanish, Ying Peng, Imelda Pepivani, Anne M. Fagan, Haruyasu Yamaguchi, Susan V. Westmoreland, and Keith G. Mansfield. Cotton-top tamarins have amyloid beta plaques.
"Long-Term Visual Object Recognition Memory in Aged Rats" by Daniela Platano, Patrizia Fattoretti, Marta Balietti, Carlo Bertoni-Freddari, and Giorgio Aicardi. They developed a long term (24 hours) memory test that old rats can perform. Supposedly, none was reported before. Interesting also that number of rat-turds is used as a measurement of anxiety.
"Synaptic Remodeling in Hippocampal CA1 Region of Aged Rats Correlates with Better Memory Performance in Passive Avoidance Test" by Daniela Platano, Patrizia Fattoretti, Marta Balietti, Belinda Giorgetti, Tiziana Casoli, Giuseppina Di Stefano, Carlo Bertoni-Freddari, and Giorgio Aicardi. Density of synapses and mitochondria was higher and mitochondrial volume was lower in the rat CA1 hippocampal region 9 hours compared to 6 hours after a memory training exercise in rats that learnt well.
"Immunological Approaches for Amyloid-beta Clearance Toward Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease" by Beka Solomon. Seems to be a review of vaccines against amyloid-beta, but hard to tell.
"A Highly Sensitive Diagnostic Assay for Aggregate-Related Diseases, Including Prion Diseases and Alzheimer's Disease" by Eva Birkmann, Franziska Henke, Susanne Aileen Funke, Oliver Bannach, Detlev Riesner, and Dieter Willbold. Another ultra-sensitive test of protein aggregates by the same group as the one above. This time using surface-fluorescence intensity distribution analysis (and again, no idea).
"Aggregation and Amyloid Fibril Formation of the Prion Protein Is Accelerated in the Presence of Glycogen" by Giannantonio Panza, Jan Stöhr, Eva Birkmann, Detlev Riesner, Dieter Willbold, Otto Baba, Tatsuo Terashima, and Christian Dumpitak. Prion and prion fibril formation is accelerated by the presence of glycogen.
Stem cells
"Characterizing Endothelial Cells Derived from the Murine Embryonic Stem Cell Line CCE" by Fardin Fathi, Abbas Jafari Kermani, Leila Pirmoradi, Seyed Javad Mowla, and Takayuki Asahara. Description of a process to generate endothelial cells from mice ESCs, and characterisation of the generated cells.
"Characterization and Genetic Manipulation of Human Umbilical Cord Vein Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Potential Application in Cell-Based Gene Therapy" by Abbas Jafari Kermani, Fardin Fathi, and Seyed Javad Mowla. Isolation and characterisation of gene expression and surface markers of human umbilical cord vein mesenchymal stem cells. They also electroporated green fluorescent protein and brain-derived neurotrophic factor genes in and got them expressed.
Mitochondria and Oxidative Damage
"Selective Decline of the Metabolic Competence of Oversized Synaptic Mitochondria in the Old Monkey Cerebellum" by Carlo Bertoni-Freddari, Marta Balietti, Belinda Giorgetti, Yessica Grossi, Tiziana Casoli, Giuseppina Di Stefano, Gemma Perretta, and Patrizia Fattoretti. Numeric density, volume density, average volume and average length of mitochondria in the cortex wasn't different between adult and old crab-eating macaques. What was different was the ratio of COX cytochemical precipitate to area of the mitochondrion, which declined, but only in large mitochondria. They take that ratio to be a proxy for mitochondrial metabolic competence.
"Oxidative Stress in Patients with Acute Heart Failure" by Jean-Christophe Charniot, Noëlle Vignat, Jean-Paul Albertini, Vera Bogdanova, Khaled Zerhouni, Jean-Jacques Monsuez, Alain Legrand, Jean-Yves Artigou, and Dominique Bonnefont-Rousselot. Ten people with dilated cardiomyopathy. Higher thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and lower total antioxidant status (TAS), especially when they had arrythmias. Normal alpha-tocopherol, vitamin A and beta-carotene. TBARS and TAS returned to normal once patients returned to stable conditions.
"Anti-Inflammatory Senescence Actives 5203-L Molecule to Promote Healthy Aging and Prolongation of Lifespan" by Jean-François Bisson, Chantal Menut, and Patrizia d'Alessio. The monoterpene AISA 5203-L reverses replicative senescence of human vascular endothelial cells and mellows stress according to some tests. Focus seems to be on medium-stress inducing disease. Hippy vibe but maybe I'm misreading.
"Do Mitochondrial DNA and Metabolic Rate Complement Each Other in Determination of the Mammalian Maximum Longevity?" by Gilad Lehmann, Elena Segal, Khachik K. Muradian, and Vadim E. Fraifeld. GC content of mtDNA together with resting metabolic rate can explain 77% of the variation in maximum lifespan in a study of 140 mammalian species. Maybe interesting.
"Zinc, Metallothioneins, Longevity: Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Antioxidant Response: A Zincage Study" by Eugenio Mocchegiani and The Zincage Consortium. Something about zinc, clusterin, PARP-1 MSR-A, methallothioneins and IL-6. Not sure what.
Immunosenescence
"Immunosenescence and Anti-Immunosenescence Therapies: The Case of Probiotics" by Giuseppina Candore, Carmela Rita Balistreri, Giuseppina Colonna-Romano, Maria Paola Grimaldi, Domenico Lio, Florinda Listi', Letizia Scola, Sonya Vasto, and Calogero Caruso. Possible strategies to defend against thymic involution, domination by memory T-cell and chronic inflammation through probiotics.
"B Cell Immunosenescence in the Elderly and in Centenarians" by Giuseppina Colonna-Romano, Matteo Bulati, Alessandra Aquino, Salvatore Vitello, Domenico Lio, Giuseppina Candore, and Calogero Caruso. B-cells in old people don't respond to new pathogens.
Intracellular Aggregates
"Can Lipofuscin Accumulation Be Prevented?" by Tino Kurz. Reducing intralysosomal iron reduces oxidative stress which could reduce lipofuscin formation. Wants to try pulse doses of iron chelators to see.
"Accumulating Insoluble Protein and Rate of Aging" by Anund Hallén. Thinks there's a link between the exponential form of the Gompertz law with the logarithmic space available to macromolecules in cells due to the formation of a polymer network in the cell which stops the macromolecules/colloids from moving through the cell.
Cell senescence
"Role of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell Senescence" by Christoph Muck, Lucia Micutkova, Werner Zwerschke, and Pidder Jansen-Durr. IGFBP-3 transfection induces apoptosis and senescence in HUVEC. Knockdown by shRNA doesn't revert that.
"Metallothionein Downregulation in Very Old Age: A Phenomenon Associated with Cellular Senescence?" by Marco Malavolta, Catia Cipriano, Laura Costarelli, Robertina Giacconi, Silvia Tesei, Elisa Muti, Francesco Piacenza, Sara Pierpaoli, Annis Larbi, Graham Pawelec, George Dedoussis, George Herbein, Daniela Monti, Jolanta Jajte, Lothar Rink, and Eugenio Mocchegiani. MT proteins decrease in the very old, independent of zinc intake. Age-dependent zinc changes also happen in CD4+ T cells in vitro and peripheral blood mononuclear cells ex-vivo. They follow this with a "thus" old age problems might be partially attributable to diminished cell proliferation, implying that the above is related to cell proliferation.
"Repeat Mild Heat Shock Increases Dermal Fibroblast Activity and Collagen Production" by Andrew E. Mayes and Caroline D. Holyoak. What the title says, in cells from a 12, 22 and 65 year olds.
Nutrient Sensing
"Relationship Between Calorie Restriction and the Biological Clock: Lessons from Long-Lived Transgenic Mice" by Oren Froy, Nava Chapnik, and Ruth Miskin. alpha-MUPA mice eat 20% less and live 20% longer. They have high amplitude, appropriately reset circadian rhythms in clock gene expression, and circadian behaviours. (I'm not sure what that means. That the sun resets the gene expression rhythm quickly?) They say that since CR resets circadian rhythm, maybe that's a mediator of the longevity extension.
"Enhancing Longevity: Novel Caloric Restriction Mimetics" by Alexander E. Michalow. No abstract. First page didn't get to the point.
Psychological, Political, and Social Context
"Zinc in Elderly People: Effects of Zinc Supplementation on Psychological Dimensions in Dependence of IL-6 -174 Polymorphism: A Zincage Study" by Fiorella Marcellini, Cinzia Giuli, Roberta Papa, Cristina Gagliardi, George Dedoussis, Daniela Monti, Jolanta Jajte, Robertina Giacconi, Marco Malavolta, and Eugenio Mocchegiani. Looked at zinc intake combined with 174-polymorphism in IL-6 in old people. Improved perceived stress but not results of mini-mental state examination or geriatric depression scale.
"Making the Political Case for Biogerontology Funding: A View from the Trenches" by Huber R. Warner. Funding.
General
"Have We Reached the Point for In Vivo Rejuvenation?" by Amir Abramovich, Khachik K. Muradian, and Vadim E. Fraifeld. Wants to try de-differentiation and re-differentiation in vivo. Hints at iPSCs. Was waiting for this to pop up.
"Scientific Justification of Cryonics Practice" by Benjamin P. Best. Open access but not reading. I suspect I'm familiar with the arguments, don't need to be convinced.
"Youth Maintenance and Postponing Human Aging in Reality" by Ülo Kristjuhan. Nothing concrete in abstract (not intended), but vaguely how to accelerate the life extension currently happening.
"Role of Environmental and Genetic Factor Interaction in Age-Related Disease Development: The Gastric Cancer Paradigm" by Giusi Irma Forte, Cinzia Calà, Letizia Scola, Antonino Crivello, Arianna Gullo, Lorenzo Marasà, Antonio Giacalone, Celestino Bonura, Calogero Caruso, Domenico Lio, and Anna Giammanco. The 511T-variant of IL-1 beta is associated with an increased risk of chronic gastritis.
'“Accelerating Aging” Chemotherapy on Aged Animals: Protective Effect from Nutraceutical Modulation' by Francesco Marotta, Masatoshi Harada, Emilio Minelli, Suzanne K. Ono-Nita, and Paulo Marandola. Denshichi-Tochiu-Sen recovered macrophage chemotaxis, function and concentration and some other things on mice given chemotherapy.
"Muscular Metabolism in Aged Rats Under Exhaustive Exercise: Effect of a Modified Alkaline Supplementation" by Francesco Marotta, De Hua Chui, Aldo Lorenzetti, Flavia Fayet, Tsin Liu, and Paolo Marandola. They added modified alkalizing supplementation (MAS) to some rats running them to exhaustion. Exercise increased lactic acid and creatin-phosphokinase, and dropped muscle glycogen. MAS group had bigger succinate dehydrogenase and acetylcarinitine increases.
"Genetic Polymorphisms and Human Aging: Association Studies Deliver" by David Melzer. GWAS found polymorphisms in INK4a/INK4b and CDKN2a/b genes in p16/p15 locus linked with differences in physical function in old people. Later GWAS studying type 2 diabetes and MI confirms importance of this locus.
"Making SENSE: Strategies for Engineering Negligible Senescence Evolutionarily" by Michael R. Rose. Treat aging through evolutionary means. Rose-ish content.
Wednesday, September 2, 2015
Issue 1, 2008
By the abstracts:
"Human Embryonic Stem Cell Telomere Length Impacts Directly on Clonal Progenitor Isolation Frequency" by Nicholas R. Forsyth and Jim McWhir. They identify and grab some partially differentiated hESCs that divide a lot and count how many times they can divide. They measure the length of the telomeres of the parent hESCs and say that the number of times that the offspring divided matches the telomere-bound limit. They also insert hTERT and I think they are saying that the offspring can then replicate forever but I'm not clear about this. Did this end up being true? Sounds pretty good if it did.
"Embryonic Stem Cells: From Markers to Market" by Kaushik Dilip Deb, Anitha Devi Jayaprakash, Vijay Sharma, and Satish Totey. Review paper about safety epigenetic markers, stemness gene-expression markers and lineage gene-expression markers in hESCs.
"Epigenetic Engineering and Its Possible Role in Anti-Aging Intervention" by Alexander M. Vaiserman. Hypothesises that the hormetic effect on lifespan might come about through a common epigenetic mechanism regardless of the type of stressor. Seems to be talking about early-life mild stressors only.
"Long-Term Treatment with a Yang-Invigorating Chinese Herbal Formula Produces Generalized Tissue Protection Against Oxidative Damage in Rats" by Po Yee Chiu, Hoi Yan Leung, Ada Hoi Ling Siu, Na Chen, Michel K.T. Poon, and Kam Ming Ko. Spruiking Vigconic 28. Tested on female rats, claims to have increased copper-zinc superoxide dismutase levels and general oxidant damage resistance in tissue and mitochondria.
"Fatty Acid Profile of Erythrocyte Membranes As Possible Biomarker of Longevity" by Annibale A. Puca, Peter Andrew, Valeria Novelli, Chiara Viviani Anselmi, Francesco Somalvico, Nicola A. Cirillo, Chryssostomos Chatgilialoglu, and Carla Ferreri. 90-something year olds have more monounsaturated and less long polyunsaturated fatty acids in their red blood cells.
"Immunoproteasome in Macaca fascicularis: No Age-Dependent Modification of Abundance and Activity in the Brain and Insight into an in silico Structural Model" by Elena Bellavista, Michele Mishto, Aurelia Santoro, Carlo Bertoni-Freddari, Richard B. Sessions, and Claudio Franceschi. Not really sure. They find no difference in activity of these proteasome proteins in young and old in different parts of the brains of crab-eating macaques, except in one area. They also built a model of something, but it's all beyond me.
"Lifelong α-Tocopherol Supplementation Increases the Median Life Span of C57BL/6 Mice in the Cold but Has Only Minor Effects on Oxidative Damage" by Colin Selman, Jane S. McLaren, Claus Mayer, Jackie S. Duncan, Andrew R. Collins, Garry G. Duthie, Paula Redman, and John R. Speakman. What the title says. Cold means 7 degrees. 785 days vs 682 days. 44 in each group.
"Elastin Haploinsufficiency Induces Alternative Aging Processes in the Aorta" by Mylène Pezet, Marie-Paule Jacob, Brigitte Escoubet, Dealba Gheduzzi, Emmanuelle Tillet, Pascale Perret, Philippe Huber, Daniela Quaglino, Roger Vranckx, Dean Y. Li, Barry Starcher, Walter A. Boyle, Robert P. Mecham, and Gilles Faury. Elastin is synthesised only in early life (!). Mice (+/-) on Eln had same lifespan, but looked like they had vascular issues early, typical of stiff arteries, but didn't have the issues later with arterial wall thickening and alpha-1-adrenoceptor-mediated vasoconstriction.
"Paraoxonase 1: Genetics and Activities During Aging" by Francesca Marchegiani, Maurizio Marra, Fabiola Olivieri, Maurizio Cardelli, Richard W. James, Massimo Boemi, and Claudio Franceschi. Paroxonase-1 is an enzyme that protects lipids from peroxidative damage. This is a review of its possible effects on human longevity.
"Hypermagnesemia Predicts Mortality in Elderly with Congestive Heart Disease: Relationship with Laxative and Antacid Use" by Graziamaria Corbi, Domenico Acanfora, Gian Luca Iannuzzi, Giancarlo Longobardi, Francesco Cacciatore, Giuseppe Furgi, Amelia Filippelli, Giuseppe Rengo, Dario Leosco, and Nicola Ferrara. 3-year survival of 17.3 vs 22.5 months of hypermagnesia vs normomagnesia in 200 CHF >65 year old patients. Other measurements too.
"Exercise Training Promotes SIRT1 Activity in Aged Rats" by Nicola Ferrara, Barbara Rinaldi, Graziamaria Corbi, Valeria Conti, Paola Stiuso, Silvia Boccuti, Giuseppe Rengo, Francesco Rossi, and Amelia Filippelli. Lot of cites of this one for some reason. Aging reduced SIRT1 activity in the heart but not in the fat. Decreased MnSOD and catalase in both. Increased oxidation markers in both. Exercised old rats had higher MnSOD and catalase in both. Increased FOXO3a protein in the heart and mRNA in the fat. Increased SIRT1 in the heart.
"Development and Validation of a Multidimensional Prognostic Index for One-Year Mortality from Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment in Hospitalized Older Patients" by Alberto Pilotto, Luigi Ferrucci, Marilisa Franceschi, Luigi P. D'Ambrosio, Carlo Scarcelli, Leandro Cascavilla, Francesco Paris, Giuliana Placentino, Davide Seripa, Bruno Dallapiccola, and Gioacchino Leandro. Also a crapload of cites. 63-variable classifier with a 0.751 ROC on 6-month and 1-year mortality. 850 people in each of the training and validation set.
"Human Sarcopenia Reveals an Increase in SOCS-3 and Myostatin and a Reduced Efficiency of Akt Phosphorylation" by Bertrand Léger, Wim Derave, Katrien De Bock, Peter Hespel, and Aaron P. Russell. Tons of cites. Fast-muscle cross-sectional fibre area 45% lower in 70-year olds compared to 20-year olds. Higher myostatin, TNF-alpha, SOCS-3, total, but not phosphorilated, Akt, GSK-3beta. Lower growth hormone reeptor and IGF-1 mRNA.
"Effect of Senescence on Macrophage Polarization and Angiogenesis" by Dru S. Dace and Rajendra S. Apte. Review of age-related changes in innate immune system, especially macrophages and eye disease.
"Response to Histamine Allows the Functional Identification of Neuronal Progenitors, Neurons, Astrocytes, and Immature Cells in Subventricular Zone Cell Cultures" by Fabienne Agasse, Liliana Bernardino, Bruno Silva, Raquel Ferreira, Sofia Grade, and João O. Malva. A brain one. I suck at brain ones. They distinguish type of neurons by grabbing one and pumping histamine or potassium chloride on it and seeing how their calcium-ion levels changed.
"Dietary Supplementation Exerts Neuroprotective Effects in Ischemic Stroke Model" by Takao Yasuhara, Koichi Hara, Mina Maki, Tadashi Masuda, Cyndy D. Sanberg, Paul R. Sanberg, Paula C. Bickford, and Cesar V. Borlongan. Gave rats blueberry, green tea, vitamin D3 and carnosine, then gave them a stroke. Treated rats did better. 8 rats per group.
"Tonic β-Adrenergic Drive Provokes Proinflammatory and Proapoptotic Changes in Aging Mouse Heart" by Aihua Hu, Xiangying Jiao, Erhe Gao, Yonghai Li, Said Sharifi-Azad, Zvi Grunwald, Xin L. Ma, and Jian-Zhong Sun. Older mice had higher inducible nitric oxide synthase, CRP and myocardial apoptosis. Can generate those same issues in young mice by pumping isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic receptor stimulator.
"Zinc Supplementation in the Elderly Reduces Spontaneous Inflammatory Cytokine Release and Restores T Cell Functions" by Laura Kahmann, Peter Uciechowski, Sabine Warmuth, Birgit Plümäkers, Axel M. Gressner, Marco Malavolta, Eugenio Mocchegiani, and Lothar Rink. Zinced up 19 old people. Cytokine release went down, and something else, claiming lower inflamation but better immune response.
"Cognitive Training Is Ineffective in Hypoxemic COPD: A Six-Month Randomized Controlled Trial" by Raffaele Antonelli Incalzi, Andrea Corsonello, Luigi Trojano, Claudio Pedone, Domenico Acanfora, Aldo Spada, Orsola Izzo, and Franco Rengo. Cognitive training plus standard care did no better than standard care for people with COPD on cognitive performance at 6 months. 50 people per group. Negative results always sound more believable.
"An Inverse Association Between Self-Reported Arthritis and Mortality in the Elderly: Findings from the National Long-Term Care Survey" by Alexander M. Kulminski, Irina V. Kulminskaya, Svetlana V. Ukraintseva, Kenneth Land, and Anatoli I. Yashin. Strange one: people who reported to have arthritis lived longer. Relative risk 0.81. Result of fishing?
"Human Embryonic Stem Cell Telomere Length Impacts Directly on Clonal Progenitor Isolation Frequency" by Nicholas R. Forsyth and Jim McWhir. They identify and grab some partially differentiated hESCs that divide a lot and count how many times they can divide. They measure the length of the telomeres of the parent hESCs and say that the number of times that the offspring divided matches the telomere-bound limit. They also insert hTERT and I think they are saying that the offspring can then replicate forever but I'm not clear about this. Did this end up being true? Sounds pretty good if it did.
"Embryonic Stem Cells: From Markers to Market" by Kaushik Dilip Deb, Anitha Devi Jayaprakash, Vijay Sharma, and Satish Totey. Review paper about safety epigenetic markers, stemness gene-expression markers and lineage gene-expression markers in hESCs.
"Epigenetic Engineering and Its Possible Role in Anti-Aging Intervention" by Alexander M. Vaiserman. Hypothesises that the hormetic effect on lifespan might come about through a common epigenetic mechanism regardless of the type of stressor. Seems to be talking about early-life mild stressors only.
"Long-Term Treatment with a Yang-Invigorating Chinese Herbal Formula Produces Generalized Tissue Protection Against Oxidative Damage in Rats" by Po Yee Chiu, Hoi Yan Leung, Ada Hoi Ling Siu, Na Chen, Michel K.T. Poon, and Kam Ming Ko. Spruiking Vigconic 28. Tested on female rats, claims to have increased copper-zinc superoxide dismutase levels and general oxidant damage resistance in tissue and mitochondria.
"Fatty Acid Profile of Erythrocyte Membranes As Possible Biomarker of Longevity" by Annibale A. Puca, Peter Andrew, Valeria Novelli, Chiara Viviani Anselmi, Francesco Somalvico, Nicola A. Cirillo, Chryssostomos Chatgilialoglu, and Carla Ferreri. 90-something year olds have more monounsaturated and less long polyunsaturated fatty acids in their red blood cells.
"Immunoproteasome in Macaca fascicularis: No Age-Dependent Modification of Abundance and Activity in the Brain and Insight into an in silico Structural Model" by Elena Bellavista, Michele Mishto, Aurelia Santoro, Carlo Bertoni-Freddari, Richard B. Sessions, and Claudio Franceschi. Not really sure. They find no difference in activity of these proteasome proteins in young and old in different parts of the brains of crab-eating macaques, except in one area. They also built a model of something, but it's all beyond me.
"Lifelong α-Tocopherol Supplementation Increases the Median Life Span of C57BL/6 Mice in the Cold but Has Only Minor Effects on Oxidative Damage" by Colin Selman, Jane S. McLaren, Claus Mayer, Jackie S. Duncan, Andrew R. Collins, Garry G. Duthie, Paula Redman, and John R. Speakman. What the title says. Cold means 7 degrees. 785 days vs 682 days. 44 in each group.
"Elastin Haploinsufficiency Induces Alternative Aging Processes in the Aorta" by Mylène Pezet, Marie-Paule Jacob, Brigitte Escoubet, Dealba Gheduzzi, Emmanuelle Tillet, Pascale Perret, Philippe Huber, Daniela Quaglino, Roger Vranckx, Dean Y. Li, Barry Starcher, Walter A. Boyle, Robert P. Mecham, and Gilles Faury. Elastin is synthesised only in early life (!). Mice (+/-) on Eln had same lifespan, but looked like they had vascular issues early, typical of stiff arteries, but didn't have the issues later with arterial wall thickening and alpha-1-adrenoceptor-mediated vasoconstriction.
"Paraoxonase 1: Genetics and Activities During Aging" by Francesca Marchegiani, Maurizio Marra, Fabiola Olivieri, Maurizio Cardelli, Richard W. James, Massimo Boemi, and Claudio Franceschi. Paroxonase-1 is an enzyme that protects lipids from peroxidative damage. This is a review of its possible effects on human longevity.
"Hypermagnesemia Predicts Mortality in Elderly with Congestive Heart Disease: Relationship with Laxative and Antacid Use" by Graziamaria Corbi, Domenico Acanfora, Gian Luca Iannuzzi, Giancarlo Longobardi, Francesco Cacciatore, Giuseppe Furgi, Amelia Filippelli, Giuseppe Rengo, Dario Leosco, and Nicola Ferrara. 3-year survival of 17.3 vs 22.5 months of hypermagnesia vs normomagnesia in 200 CHF >65 year old patients. Other measurements too.
"Exercise Training Promotes SIRT1 Activity in Aged Rats" by Nicola Ferrara, Barbara Rinaldi, Graziamaria Corbi, Valeria Conti, Paola Stiuso, Silvia Boccuti, Giuseppe Rengo, Francesco Rossi, and Amelia Filippelli. Lot of cites of this one for some reason. Aging reduced SIRT1 activity in the heart but not in the fat. Decreased MnSOD and catalase in both. Increased oxidation markers in both. Exercised old rats had higher MnSOD and catalase in both. Increased FOXO3a protein in the heart and mRNA in the fat. Increased SIRT1 in the heart.
"Development and Validation of a Multidimensional Prognostic Index for One-Year Mortality from Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment in Hospitalized Older Patients" by Alberto Pilotto, Luigi Ferrucci, Marilisa Franceschi, Luigi P. D'Ambrosio, Carlo Scarcelli, Leandro Cascavilla, Francesco Paris, Giuliana Placentino, Davide Seripa, Bruno Dallapiccola, and Gioacchino Leandro. Also a crapload of cites. 63-variable classifier with a 0.751 ROC on 6-month and 1-year mortality. 850 people in each of the training and validation set.
"Human Sarcopenia Reveals an Increase in SOCS-3 and Myostatin and a Reduced Efficiency of Akt Phosphorylation" by Bertrand Léger, Wim Derave, Katrien De Bock, Peter Hespel, and Aaron P. Russell. Tons of cites. Fast-muscle cross-sectional fibre area 45% lower in 70-year olds compared to 20-year olds. Higher myostatin, TNF-alpha, SOCS-3, total, but not phosphorilated, Akt, GSK-3beta. Lower growth hormone reeptor and IGF-1 mRNA.
"Effect of Senescence on Macrophage Polarization and Angiogenesis" by Dru S. Dace and Rajendra S. Apte. Review of age-related changes in innate immune system, especially macrophages and eye disease.
"Response to Histamine Allows the Functional Identification of Neuronal Progenitors, Neurons, Astrocytes, and Immature Cells in Subventricular Zone Cell Cultures" by Fabienne Agasse, Liliana Bernardino, Bruno Silva, Raquel Ferreira, Sofia Grade, and João O. Malva. A brain one. I suck at brain ones. They distinguish type of neurons by grabbing one and pumping histamine or potassium chloride on it and seeing how their calcium-ion levels changed.
"Dietary Supplementation Exerts Neuroprotective Effects in Ischemic Stroke Model" by Takao Yasuhara, Koichi Hara, Mina Maki, Tadashi Masuda, Cyndy D. Sanberg, Paul R. Sanberg, Paula C. Bickford, and Cesar V. Borlongan. Gave rats blueberry, green tea, vitamin D3 and carnosine, then gave them a stroke. Treated rats did better. 8 rats per group.
"Tonic β-Adrenergic Drive Provokes Proinflammatory and Proapoptotic Changes in Aging Mouse Heart" by Aihua Hu, Xiangying Jiao, Erhe Gao, Yonghai Li, Said Sharifi-Azad, Zvi Grunwald, Xin L. Ma, and Jian-Zhong Sun. Older mice had higher inducible nitric oxide synthase, CRP and myocardial apoptosis. Can generate those same issues in young mice by pumping isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic receptor stimulator.
"Zinc Supplementation in the Elderly Reduces Spontaneous Inflammatory Cytokine Release and Restores T Cell Functions" by Laura Kahmann, Peter Uciechowski, Sabine Warmuth, Birgit Plümäkers, Axel M. Gressner, Marco Malavolta, Eugenio Mocchegiani, and Lothar Rink. Zinced up 19 old people. Cytokine release went down, and something else, claiming lower inflamation but better immune response.
"Cognitive Training Is Ineffective in Hypoxemic COPD: A Six-Month Randomized Controlled Trial" by Raffaele Antonelli Incalzi, Andrea Corsonello, Luigi Trojano, Claudio Pedone, Domenico Acanfora, Aldo Spada, Orsola Izzo, and Franco Rengo. Cognitive training plus standard care did no better than standard care for people with COPD on cognitive performance at 6 months. 50 people per group. Negative results always sound more believable.
"An Inverse Association Between Self-Reported Arthritis and Mortality in the Elderly: Findings from the National Long-Term Care Survey" by Alexander M. Kulminski, Irina V. Kulminskaya, Svetlana V. Ukraintseva, Kenneth Land, and Anatoli I. Yashin. Strange one: people who reported to have arthritis lived longer. Relative risk 0.81. Result of fishing?
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