Switched to six issues per year in 2008.
This issue was wasted on me due to me not knowing even the basics about the immune system.
By the abstracts:
"Aluminum Modulates Effects of βAmyloid1–42 on Neuronal Calcium Homeostasis and Mitochondria Functioning and Is Altered in a Triple Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease" by Denise Drago, Alessandra Cavaliere, Nicola Mascetra, Domenico Ciavardelli, Carmine Di Ilio, Paolo Zatta, and Stefano L. Sensi. What the title says. By altered, they mean increased in their cortex.
"Aging and Neutrophils: There Is Still Much To Do" by Carl F. Fortin, Patrick P. McDonald, Olivier Lesur, and Tàmàs Fülöp, Jr. Hypothesises about how aging affects the release of immune mediators by neutrophils, and how that links with Alzheimer's, atherosclerosis, cancer and autoimmune diseases.
"Differential Expression of Lysyl Oxidases LOXL1 and LOX During Growth and Aging Suggests Specific Roles in Elastin and Collagen Fiber Remodeling in Rat Aorta" by Jacques Behmoaras, Séverin Slove, Sophie Seve, Roger Vranckx, Pascal Sommer, and Marie-Paule Jacob. LOX goes down in adult rats while LOXL1 was maintained in LOU rats, but reduced in Brown Norway rats.
"Blueberry Opposes β-Amyloid Peptide-Induced Microglial Activation Via Inhibition of p44/42 Mitogen-Activation Protein Kinase" by Yuyan Zhu, Paula C. Bickford, Paul Sanberg, Brian Giunta, and Jun Tan. What the title says, in mice.
"Age-Dependent Spatial Memory Loss Can Be Partially Restored by Immune Activation" by N. Ron-Harel, Y. Segev, G.M. Lewitus, M. Cardon, Y. Ziv, D. Netanely, J. Jacob-Hirsch, N. Amariglio, G. Rechavi, E. Domany, and M. Schwartz. Hammering immune system fucks up spatial memory in young mice and homeostatic-driven proliferation (dunno what that phrase means. They removed some of their T-cells to let it expand its other types of T-cells?) of lymphocytes in old mice restores their spatial memory. Igf1, Syt10 and Cplx2 genes involed.
"Extensive Amplification of Human Regulatory T Cells Alters Their Functional Capacities and Targets Them to the Periphery" by Gunter Rappl, Annette Schmidt, Cornelia Mauch, Andreas A. Hombach, and Hinrich Abken. Details of Treg-cell life cycle for which I have nothing to grab onto.
"Melatonin Prevents Age-Related Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Rat Brain Via Cardiolipin Protection" by Giuseppe Petrosillo, Patrizia Fattoretti, Mariagiuseppa Matera, Francesca M. Ruggiero, Carlo Bertoni-Freddari, and Giuseppe Paradies. Melatonin prevented the age-related changes in complex 1 activity, rates of state 3 respiration (ADP-stimulated respiration google says), mitochondrion H2O2 production, membrane potential, and normal and oxidised cardiolipin content of mitochondria in rat brains.
"Improvement of Aging-Associated Cardiovascular Dysfunction by the Orally Administered Copper(II)-Aspirinate Complex" by Tamás Radovits, Domokos Gerö, Li-ni Lin, Sivakkanan Loganathan, Torsten Hoppe-Tichy, Csaba Szabó, Matthias Karck, Hiromu Sakurai, and Gábor Szabó. Some measurements of heart function across age in rats and their partial prevention by copper(II)-aspirinate.
"Effect of Lactobacillus paracasei NCC2461 on Antigen-Specific T-Cell Mediated Immune Responses in Aged Mice" by Karine Vidal, Jalil Benyacoub, Mireille Moser, J. Sanchez-Garcia, Patrick Serrant, Iris Segura-Roggero, Gloria Reuteler, and Stephanie Blum. No measurements of immune system components changed, but response increased. FOS/inulin made no difference.
The thesis-review section looks (at least) at a study of the growth and use of cardiac progenitor cells extracted from adult humans, grown into cardiosphere-derived cells, then inserted into mice with induced myocardial infarctions and seeing how they went. They supposedly did better than other types of cells in maintaining left ventricular function and reducing left ventricular remodelling.
Saturday, November 28, 2015
Tuesday, November 3, 2015
Issue 4, 2008
By the abstracts:
"Exercise-Induced Activation of STAT3 Signaling Is Increased with Age" by Marissa K. Trenerry, Kate A. Carey, Alister C. Ward, Michelle M. Farnfield, and David Cameron-Smith. STAT3 gets massively pumped in old people following exercise, more than young people (11 20-year olds vs 10 67-year olds). Downstream mRNA also pumped, but SOCS3 protein suppressed. This might mean something to people more familiar with those genes. They say it might impact muscle repair and regeneration.
"Deficiency of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Reduces Sensitivity to Aging-Associated Cardiomyocyte Dysfunction" by Qun Li, Asli F. Ceylan-Isik, Ji Li, and Jun Ren. Whole bunch of physiological and gene expression changes to hearts in old mice. Mice with liver IGF-1 deficiency had attenuated changes. They also had lower FOXO3a expression and were glucose intolerant, same effects as aging.
"Identifying the Genes and Genetic Interrelationships Underlying the Impact of Calorie Restriction on Maximum Lifespan: An Artificial Intelligence-Based Approach" by Ben Goertzel, Cassio Pennachin, Maurício de Alvarenga Mudado, and Lúcio de Souza Coelho. Analysis of three mouse CR studies and validated on a fourth suggest that Mrpl12, Uqcrh and Snip1 are important to the effects of CR on life extension.
"Host Cell Mobilization for In Situ Tissue Regeneration" by Sang Jin Lee, Mark Van Dyke, Anthony Atala, and James J. Yoo. Measurements of host cells infiltrations in common biomaterial put into mice: not altogether inflammatory. Infiltrating cells can differentiate into osteogenic, myogenic, adipogenic and endothelial lineages, given the correct conditions.
"Identifying the Changes in Gene Profiles Regulating the Amelioration of Age-Related Oxidative Damages in Kidney Tissue of Rats by the Intervention of Adult-Onset Calorie Restriction" by Jie Chen, Chidambaram Natesa Velalar, and Runsheng Ruan. 1-year old rats. CR decreased lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in kidneys, maybe from a drop in plasminogen activation inhibition-1 and clusterin, and increase of kallikrein mRNA. Inflammatory response down. Fatty acid synthesis, mitochondrial fatty acid beatoxidation, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis up. All in kidneys, and CR as compared with controls.
"Cryopreservation of Whole Murine and Porcine Livers" by Zohar Gavish, Menachem Ben-Haim, and Amir Arav. Frozen rat and pig livers, dunno for how long or at what temperature. Thawed and transplanted in, produced bile and had blood flow. They say 80% viability. Used "directional solidification apparatus". Hadn't heard of this result, sounds useful.
"Preliminary Evidence that VEGF Genetic Variability Confers Susceptibility to Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration" by B. Borroni, S. Ghezzi, C. Agosti, S. Archetti, C. Fenoglio, D. Galimberti, E. Scarpini, M. Di Luca, N. Bresolin, G.P. Comi, A. Padovani, and R. Del Bo. 30-50% of FTLD have positive family history. This study compared 216 controls with 161 FTLDs, finds differences distribution of SNPs in VEGF gene promoter region.
"Lysophosphatidic Acid and Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitor Increase Proliferation of Senescent Human Diploid Fibroblasts by Inhibiting Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase" by Ji-Heon Rhim, Ik-Soon Jang, Kye-Yong Song, Moon-Kyung Ha, Sung-Chun Cho, Eui-Ju Yeo, and Sang Chul Park. What the title says through inhibition of the catalytic activity of AMPKalpha and p53.
"Long-Term Effects of Caloric Restriction or Exercise on DNA and RNA Oxidation Levels in White Blood Cells and Urine in Humans" by Tim Hofer, Luigi Fontana, Stephen D. Anton, Edward P. Weiss, Dennis Villareal, Bhaskar Malayappan, and Christiaan Leeuwenburgh. 9 50something year olds on 20% CR and 9 50something year olds on 20% (energy deficity through) exercise. After a year, big drop in DNA and RNA oxidation in white blood cells but no changes in either in urine.
"Aging, Stem Cells, and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin: A Prospect of Pharmacologic Rejuvenation of Aging Stem Cells" by Mikhail V. Blagosklonny. Hypothesises that insensitivity of stem cells to activating stimuli is partly due to hyperactivation of TOR, so suggests rapamycin would rejuvenate stem cells. Wouldn't mind seeing his reasoning/evidence.
"Clinical Outcome and Mechanism of Soft Tissue Calcification in Werner Syndrome" by Satoshi Honjo, Koutaro Yokote, Masaki Fujimoto, Minoru Takemoto, Kazuki Kobayashi, Yoshiro Maezawa, Tatsushi Shimoyama, Seiya Satoh, Masaya Koshizaka, Aki Takada, Hiroki Irisuna, and Yasushi Saito. WS people have calcifications in the skin near joints, probably produced by overexpression of Pit-1.
"Carnisone Increases Efficiency of DOPA Therapy of Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Study" by Alexander Boldyrev, Tatiana Fedorova, Maria Stepanova, Irina Dobrotvorskaya, Eugenia Kozlova, Natalia Boldanova, Gulbakhar Bagyeva, Irina Ivanova-Smolenskaya, and Serguey Illarioshkin. From the abstract, it seems like it was meant to say carnosine. Added to standard treatment for Parkinson's, seemed to do better.
"Comparative Value of Medical Diagnosis Versus Physical Functioning in Predicting the 6-Year Survival of 1951 Hospitalized Old Patients" by Emilia Frangos Lordos, François R. Herrmann, Jean-Marie Robine, Mireille Balahoczky, Sandra V. Giannelli, Gabriel Gold, and Jean-Pierre Michel. First page available instead of the abstract. 6-year study. First page doesn't get to the numbers but says that functional status is most important. Sounds like a good one.
The first thesis reviewed is called "Unravelling Tissue Regeneration Using Chemical Genetics" by Lijoy Mathew. Seems to be a study of some of the mechanisms of inhibition of regeneration of the zebrafish caudal fin. Glucocorticoids inhibit is all I understood.
"Exercise-Induced Activation of STAT3 Signaling Is Increased with Age" by Marissa K. Trenerry, Kate A. Carey, Alister C. Ward, Michelle M. Farnfield, and David Cameron-Smith. STAT3 gets massively pumped in old people following exercise, more than young people (11 20-year olds vs 10 67-year olds). Downstream mRNA also pumped, but SOCS3 protein suppressed. This might mean something to people more familiar with those genes. They say it might impact muscle repair and regeneration.
"Deficiency of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Reduces Sensitivity to Aging-Associated Cardiomyocyte Dysfunction" by Qun Li, Asli F. Ceylan-Isik, Ji Li, and Jun Ren. Whole bunch of physiological and gene expression changes to hearts in old mice. Mice with liver IGF-1 deficiency had attenuated changes. They also had lower FOXO3a expression and were glucose intolerant, same effects as aging.
"Identifying the Genes and Genetic Interrelationships Underlying the Impact of Calorie Restriction on Maximum Lifespan: An Artificial Intelligence-Based Approach" by Ben Goertzel, Cassio Pennachin, Maurício de Alvarenga Mudado, and Lúcio de Souza Coelho. Analysis of three mouse CR studies and validated on a fourth suggest that Mrpl12, Uqcrh and Snip1 are important to the effects of CR on life extension.
"Host Cell Mobilization for In Situ Tissue Regeneration" by Sang Jin Lee, Mark Van Dyke, Anthony Atala, and James J. Yoo. Measurements of host cells infiltrations in common biomaterial put into mice: not altogether inflammatory. Infiltrating cells can differentiate into osteogenic, myogenic, adipogenic and endothelial lineages, given the correct conditions.
"Identifying the Changes in Gene Profiles Regulating the Amelioration of Age-Related Oxidative Damages in Kidney Tissue of Rats by the Intervention of Adult-Onset Calorie Restriction" by Jie Chen, Chidambaram Natesa Velalar, and Runsheng Ruan. 1-year old rats. CR decreased lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in kidneys, maybe from a drop in plasminogen activation inhibition-1 and clusterin, and increase of kallikrein mRNA. Inflammatory response down. Fatty acid synthesis, mitochondrial fatty acid beatoxidation, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis up. All in kidneys, and CR as compared with controls.
"Cryopreservation of Whole Murine and Porcine Livers" by Zohar Gavish, Menachem Ben-Haim, and Amir Arav. Frozen rat and pig livers, dunno for how long or at what temperature. Thawed and transplanted in, produced bile and had blood flow. They say 80% viability. Used "directional solidification apparatus". Hadn't heard of this result, sounds useful.
"Preliminary Evidence that VEGF Genetic Variability Confers Susceptibility to Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration" by B. Borroni, S. Ghezzi, C. Agosti, S. Archetti, C. Fenoglio, D. Galimberti, E. Scarpini, M. Di Luca, N. Bresolin, G.P. Comi, A. Padovani, and R. Del Bo. 30-50% of FTLD have positive family history. This study compared 216 controls with 161 FTLDs, finds differences distribution of SNPs in VEGF gene promoter region.
"Lysophosphatidic Acid and Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitor Increase Proliferation of Senescent Human Diploid Fibroblasts by Inhibiting Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase" by Ji-Heon Rhim, Ik-Soon Jang, Kye-Yong Song, Moon-Kyung Ha, Sung-Chun Cho, Eui-Ju Yeo, and Sang Chul Park. What the title says through inhibition of the catalytic activity of AMPKalpha and p53.
"Long-Term Effects of Caloric Restriction or Exercise on DNA and RNA Oxidation Levels in White Blood Cells and Urine in Humans" by Tim Hofer, Luigi Fontana, Stephen D. Anton, Edward P. Weiss, Dennis Villareal, Bhaskar Malayappan, and Christiaan Leeuwenburgh. 9 50something year olds on 20% CR and 9 50something year olds on 20% (energy deficity through) exercise. After a year, big drop in DNA and RNA oxidation in white blood cells but no changes in either in urine.
"Aging, Stem Cells, and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin: A Prospect of Pharmacologic Rejuvenation of Aging Stem Cells" by Mikhail V. Blagosklonny. Hypothesises that insensitivity of stem cells to activating stimuli is partly due to hyperactivation of TOR, so suggests rapamycin would rejuvenate stem cells. Wouldn't mind seeing his reasoning/evidence.
"Clinical Outcome and Mechanism of Soft Tissue Calcification in Werner Syndrome" by Satoshi Honjo, Koutaro Yokote, Masaki Fujimoto, Minoru Takemoto, Kazuki Kobayashi, Yoshiro Maezawa, Tatsushi Shimoyama, Seiya Satoh, Masaya Koshizaka, Aki Takada, Hiroki Irisuna, and Yasushi Saito. WS people have calcifications in the skin near joints, probably produced by overexpression of Pit-1.
"Carnisone Increases Efficiency of DOPA Therapy of Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Study" by Alexander Boldyrev, Tatiana Fedorova, Maria Stepanova, Irina Dobrotvorskaya, Eugenia Kozlova, Natalia Boldanova, Gulbakhar Bagyeva, Irina Ivanova-Smolenskaya, and Serguey Illarioshkin. From the abstract, it seems like it was meant to say carnosine. Added to standard treatment for Parkinson's, seemed to do better.
"Comparative Value of Medical Diagnosis Versus Physical Functioning in Predicting the 6-Year Survival of 1951 Hospitalized Old Patients" by Emilia Frangos Lordos, François R. Herrmann, Jean-Marie Robine, Mireille Balahoczky, Sandra V. Giannelli, Gabriel Gold, and Jean-Pierre Michel. First page available instead of the abstract. 6-year study. First page doesn't get to the numbers but says that functional status is most important. Sounds like a good one.
The first thesis reviewed is called "Unravelling Tissue Regeneration Using Chemical Genetics" by Lijoy Mathew. Seems to be a study of some of the mechanisms of inhibition of regeneration of the zebrafish caudal fin. Glucocorticoids inhibit is all I understood.
Tuesday, September 22, 2015
Issue 3, 2008
By the abstracts:
"CD7− T Cells are Late Memory Cells Generated from CD7+ T Cells" by Gunter Rappl, David Schrama, Andreas Hombach, Eva Katharina Meuer, Annette Schmidt, Jürgen C. Becker, and Hinrich Abken. Details of immune system about which I understand practically nothing. For the record, they say CD7- cells are T cells in late memory cell development, have a high activation threshold, low effector capacities and high sensitivity to activation-induced cell death.
"Carotenoids as Protection Against Disability in Older Persons" by Fulvio Lauretani, Richard D. Semba, Stefania Bandinelli, Margaret Dayhoff-Brannigan, Fabrizio Lauretani, Anna Maria Corsi, Jack M. Guralnik, and Luigi Ferrucci. Measured plasma carotenoids in 928 >65 year olds, as supposed proxy of fruit and vegetable intake. Higher carotenoid correlated with higher walking speed at original measurement, higher speed at remeasurement 6 years later and lower likelihood of becoming unable to walk (all the odd ratios around 0.5).
"Altered Expression of Mismatch Repair Proteins Associated with Acquisition of Microsatellite Instability in a Clonal Model of Human T Lymphocyte Aging" by Simona Neri, Graham Pawelec, Andrea Facchini, Cinzia Ferrari, and Erminia Mariani. T-cell clones in vitro that develop microsatellite instability have disregulated expression of mismatch repair proteins. Those that don't don't.
"Homeostatic Cytokines and Expansion of Regulatory T Cells Accompany Thymic Impairment in Children with Down Syndrome" by Erika Roat, Nicole Prada, Enrico Lugli, Milena Nasi, Roberta Ferraresi, Leonarda Troiano, Chiara Giovenzana, Marcello Pinti, Ornella Biagioni, Mauro Mariotti, Angelo Di Iorio, Ugo Consolo, Fiorella Balli, and Andrea Cossarizza. Kids with Down syndrome have very different immunological profiles from control kids.
"Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Structural Changes in a Pedigree of Asymptomatic Progranulin Mutation Carriers" by B. Borroni, A. Alberici, E. Premi, S. Archetti, V. Garibotto, C. Agosti, R. Gasparotti, M. Di Luca, D. Perani, and A. Padovani. Measurements of differences and non-differences in brain areas between controls, asymptomatic carriers of progranulin mutations with family history of frontotemporal lobar degeneration and people with family history of FTLD but no progranulin mutation.
"Caloric Restriction Retards the Age-Related Decline in Mitochondrial Function of Brown Adipose Tissue" by Adamo Valle, Rocío Guevara, Francisco José García-Palmer, Pilar Roca, and Jordi Oliver. The english in this one isn't very clear: they compared 2-year old 40% CR rats with 2-year old and 6-month old controls: lower brown adipose tissue (BAT) "size with respect to fat content and adipocyte number" (ratio?). Higher mtDNA content in CR > old control > young control. CR BAT slowed decline of total and mt protein, COX activity and uncoupling capacity. They think CR prevents decline in mt function, probably due to lower decline in mt biogenesis.
"Caloric Restriction But Not Exercise-Induced Reductions in Fat Mass Decrease Plasma Triiodothyronine Concentrations: A Randomized Controlled Trial" by Edward P. Weiss, Dennis T. Villareal, Susan B. Racette, Karen Steger-May, Bhartur N. Premachandra, Samuel Klein, and Luigi Fontana. What the title says. 18 CR, 17 exercise, 9 controls. 50-60 year olds. No change in TSH, T4 and FT4. Decent weight changes in CR and exercise.
"Mitochondrial DNA Mutations May Contribute to Aging Via Cell Death Caused by Peptides that Induce Cytochrome c Release" by Steven J. Dubec, Rajeev Aurora, and H. Peter Zassenhaus. Biochemical evidence saying that mtDNA mutations generate a peptide that causes release of cytochrome c. Simulations from that to age-related mtDNA mutations causing significant levels of cell death. Also, mice with shitty proofreading version of poly gamma in the heart develop cardiomyopathy.
"Effect of Every Other Day Feeding on Mitochondrial Free Radical Production and Oxidative Stress in Mouse Liver" by Pilar Caro, José Gómez, Mónica López-Torres, Inés Sánchez, Alba Naudi, Manuel Portero-Otín, Reinald Pamplona, and Gustavo Barja. EOD feeding of mice lowered free radical leakeage from complex 1 but not complex 3 of liver mt. Also lowered mtDNA oxidative marker, protein oxidation, glycoxidation and lipoxidation, apoptosis inducing factor, PGC1-alpha and UCP2.
"Ketogenic Diets Cause Opposing Changes in Synaptic Morphology in CA1 Hippocampus and Dentate Gyrus of Late-Adult Rats" by Marta Balietti, Belinda Giorgetti, Patrizia Fattoretti, Yessica Grossi, Giuseppina Di Stefano, Tiziana Casoli, Daniela Platano, Moreno Solazzi, Fiorenza Orlando, Giorgio Aicardi, and Carlo Bertoni-Freddari. Brain stuff. Bad effects from fat-producing diets in hippocampal CA1, good in dentate gyrus. In mice.
"Creatine Supplementation Augments Skeletal Muscle Carnosine Content in Senescence-Accelerated Mice (SAMP8)" by Wim Derave, Glenys Jones, Peter Hespel, and Roger C. Harris. Accelerated-aging mice had drops in muscle content of carnosine, anserine, taurine and total creatine. Creatine supplementation raised it compared to controls while young but not when old.
"Regulating the Age-Related Oxidative Damage, Mitochondrial Integrity, and Antioxidative Enzyme Activity in Fischer 344 Rats by Supplementation of the Antioxidant Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate" by Qingying Meng, Chidambaram Natesa Velalar, and Runsheng Ruan. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate aka EGCG is the main catechin in tea. High EGCG doses had lower DNA-oxidation marker and better mt potential in lymphocytes and lower deletion of ND4 region in mtDNA in the liver. In rats.
"L-Cysteine Influx in Erythrocytes as a Function of Human Age" by Syed Ibrahim Rizvi and Pawan Kumar Maurya. Red-blood cells from old people suspended in L-cysteine solution absorb less L-cysteine than red blood cells from young people.
Some leftovers from SENS3 that probably didn't fit in the previous issue:
"Genetic Susceptibility Sets for Alzheimer's Disease Identified from Diverse Candidate Loci" by Elizabeth H. Corder, Kaj Blennow, and Jonathan A. Prince. Fancy statistical analysis of GWAS plus physiological measures for detecting sets of features that lead to high risk of AD. 938 AD patients and 397 controls. Sounds interesting, need to understand details.
"Senescence Induces a Proangiogenic Switch in Human Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells" by Krzysztof Ksiazek, Achim Jörres, and Janusz Witowski. What the title says. They think this is why cancers metastise to the peritoneum when old.
Commentaries:
"On Methionine Restriction, Suppression of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Aging" by Alan R. Hipkiss. Gives possible mechanisms by which methionine restriction might be beneficial: lower protein synthesis leading to lower mutant proteins. Ligher work for proteases so they can deal with post-translational problems. Alteration of protein folding (how?), increased lysosomal proteolysis, autophagy of mt and mitogenesis. May decrease SAM => decrease in O6-methylguanine, also might affect gene silencing.
A look at a thesis by Tamuna Chadashvili that looks at neural stem cell generation in rats. Seems to have found another region of generation aside from measuring a whole bunch of correlates with generation.
"CD7− T Cells are Late Memory Cells Generated from CD7+ T Cells" by Gunter Rappl, David Schrama, Andreas Hombach, Eva Katharina Meuer, Annette Schmidt, Jürgen C. Becker, and Hinrich Abken. Details of immune system about which I understand practically nothing. For the record, they say CD7- cells are T cells in late memory cell development, have a high activation threshold, low effector capacities and high sensitivity to activation-induced cell death.
"Carotenoids as Protection Against Disability in Older Persons" by Fulvio Lauretani, Richard D. Semba, Stefania Bandinelli, Margaret Dayhoff-Brannigan, Fabrizio Lauretani, Anna Maria Corsi, Jack M. Guralnik, and Luigi Ferrucci. Measured plasma carotenoids in 928 >65 year olds, as supposed proxy of fruit and vegetable intake. Higher carotenoid correlated with higher walking speed at original measurement, higher speed at remeasurement 6 years later and lower likelihood of becoming unable to walk (all the odd ratios around 0.5).
"Altered Expression of Mismatch Repair Proteins Associated with Acquisition of Microsatellite Instability in a Clonal Model of Human T Lymphocyte Aging" by Simona Neri, Graham Pawelec, Andrea Facchini, Cinzia Ferrari, and Erminia Mariani. T-cell clones in vitro that develop microsatellite instability have disregulated expression of mismatch repair proteins. Those that don't don't.
"Homeostatic Cytokines and Expansion of Regulatory T Cells Accompany Thymic Impairment in Children with Down Syndrome" by Erika Roat, Nicole Prada, Enrico Lugli, Milena Nasi, Roberta Ferraresi, Leonarda Troiano, Chiara Giovenzana, Marcello Pinti, Ornella Biagioni, Mauro Mariotti, Angelo Di Iorio, Ugo Consolo, Fiorella Balli, and Andrea Cossarizza. Kids with Down syndrome have very different immunological profiles from control kids.
"Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Structural Changes in a Pedigree of Asymptomatic Progranulin Mutation Carriers" by B. Borroni, A. Alberici, E. Premi, S. Archetti, V. Garibotto, C. Agosti, R. Gasparotti, M. Di Luca, D. Perani, and A. Padovani. Measurements of differences and non-differences in brain areas between controls, asymptomatic carriers of progranulin mutations with family history of frontotemporal lobar degeneration and people with family history of FTLD but no progranulin mutation.
"Caloric Restriction Retards the Age-Related Decline in Mitochondrial Function of Brown Adipose Tissue" by Adamo Valle, Rocío Guevara, Francisco José García-Palmer, Pilar Roca, and Jordi Oliver. The english in this one isn't very clear: they compared 2-year old 40% CR rats with 2-year old and 6-month old controls: lower brown adipose tissue (BAT) "size with respect to fat content and adipocyte number" (ratio?). Higher mtDNA content in CR > old control > young control. CR BAT slowed decline of total and mt protein, COX activity and uncoupling capacity. They think CR prevents decline in mt function, probably due to lower decline in mt biogenesis.
"Caloric Restriction But Not Exercise-Induced Reductions in Fat Mass Decrease Plasma Triiodothyronine Concentrations: A Randomized Controlled Trial" by Edward P. Weiss, Dennis T. Villareal, Susan B. Racette, Karen Steger-May, Bhartur N. Premachandra, Samuel Klein, and Luigi Fontana. What the title says. 18 CR, 17 exercise, 9 controls. 50-60 year olds. No change in TSH, T4 and FT4. Decent weight changes in CR and exercise.
"Mitochondrial DNA Mutations May Contribute to Aging Via Cell Death Caused by Peptides that Induce Cytochrome c Release" by Steven J. Dubec, Rajeev Aurora, and H. Peter Zassenhaus. Biochemical evidence saying that mtDNA mutations generate a peptide that causes release of cytochrome c. Simulations from that to age-related mtDNA mutations causing significant levels of cell death. Also, mice with shitty proofreading version of poly gamma in the heart develop cardiomyopathy.
"Effect of Every Other Day Feeding on Mitochondrial Free Radical Production and Oxidative Stress in Mouse Liver" by Pilar Caro, José Gómez, Mónica López-Torres, Inés Sánchez, Alba Naudi, Manuel Portero-Otín, Reinald Pamplona, and Gustavo Barja. EOD feeding of mice lowered free radical leakeage from complex 1 but not complex 3 of liver mt. Also lowered mtDNA oxidative marker, protein oxidation, glycoxidation and lipoxidation, apoptosis inducing factor, PGC1-alpha and UCP2.
"Ketogenic Diets Cause Opposing Changes in Synaptic Morphology in CA1 Hippocampus and Dentate Gyrus of Late-Adult Rats" by Marta Balietti, Belinda Giorgetti, Patrizia Fattoretti, Yessica Grossi, Giuseppina Di Stefano, Tiziana Casoli, Daniela Platano, Moreno Solazzi, Fiorenza Orlando, Giorgio Aicardi, and Carlo Bertoni-Freddari. Brain stuff. Bad effects from fat-producing diets in hippocampal CA1, good in dentate gyrus. In mice.
"Creatine Supplementation Augments Skeletal Muscle Carnosine Content in Senescence-Accelerated Mice (SAMP8)" by Wim Derave, Glenys Jones, Peter Hespel, and Roger C. Harris. Accelerated-aging mice had drops in muscle content of carnosine, anserine, taurine and total creatine. Creatine supplementation raised it compared to controls while young but not when old.
"Regulating the Age-Related Oxidative Damage, Mitochondrial Integrity, and Antioxidative Enzyme Activity in Fischer 344 Rats by Supplementation of the Antioxidant Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate" by Qingying Meng, Chidambaram Natesa Velalar, and Runsheng Ruan. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate aka EGCG is the main catechin in tea. High EGCG doses had lower DNA-oxidation marker and better mt potential in lymphocytes and lower deletion of ND4 region in mtDNA in the liver. In rats.
"L-Cysteine Influx in Erythrocytes as a Function of Human Age" by Syed Ibrahim Rizvi and Pawan Kumar Maurya. Red-blood cells from old people suspended in L-cysteine solution absorb less L-cysteine than red blood cells from young people.
Some leftovers from SENS3 that probably didn't fit in the previous issue:
"Genetic Susceptibility Sets for Alzheimer's Disease Identified from Diverse Candidate Loci" by Elizabeth H. Corder, Kaj Blennow, and Jonathan A. Prince. Fancy statistical analysis of GWAS plus physiological measures for detecting sets of features that lead to high risk of AD. 938 AD patients and 397 controls. Sounds interesting, need to understand details.
"Senescence Induces a Proangiogenic Switch in Human Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells" by Krzysztof Ksiazek, Achim Jörres, and Janusz Witowski. What the title says. They think this is why cancers metastise to the peritoneum when old.
Commentaries:
"On Methionine Restriction, Suppression of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Aging" by Alan R. Hipkiss. Gives possible mechanisms by which methionine restriction might be beneficial: lower protein synthesis leading to lower mutant proteins. Ligher work for proteases so they can deal with post-translational problems. Alteration of protein folding (how?), increased lysosomal proteolysis, autophagy of mt and mitogenesis. May decrease SAM => decrease in O6-methylguanine, also might affect gene silencing.
A look at a thesis by Tamuna Chadashvili that looks at neural stem cell generation in rats. Seems to have found another region of generation aside from measuring a whole bunch of correlates with generation.
Sunday, September 20, 2015
Issue 2, 2008
This seems to be the SENS-3 conference proceedings report. Very few interesting ones.
By the abstracts, and by the sections they are under:
Cardiovascular disease
"Age-Specific Modulation of Genes Involved in Lipid and Cholesterol Homeostasis by Dietary Zinc" by Dawn J. Mazzatti, Eugenio Mocchegiani, and Jonathan R. Powell. The abstract doesn't say any more than the title.
"Modulation of Genes Involved in Zinc Homeostasis in Old Low-Grade Atherosclerotic Patients Under Effects of HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors" by Laura Costarelli, Elisa Muti, Marco Malavolta, Robertina Giacconi, Catia Cipriano, Davide Sartini, Monica Emanuelli, Mauro Silvestrini, Leandro Provinciali, Beatrice Gobbi, and Eugenio Mocchegiani. Beyond me. Something about zinc signalling in specific immune cells.
"TLR2 and Age-Related Diseases: Potential Effects of Arg753Gln and Arg677Trp Polymorphisms in Acute Myocardial Infarction" by Carmela Rita Balistreri, Guiseppina Candore, Monica Mirabile, Domenico Lio, Gregorio Caimi, Egle Incalcaterra, Marco Caruso, Enrico Hoffmann, and Calogero Caruso. No association between those two polymorphisms and MI.
"A Novel Zip2 Gln/Arg/Leu Codon 2 Polymorphism Is Associated with Carotid Artery Disease in Aging" by Robertina Giacconi, Elisa Muti, Marco Malavolta, Maurizio Cardelli, Sara Pierpaoli, Catia Cipriano, Laura Costarelli, Silvia Tesei, Vittorio Saba, and Eugenio Mocchegiani. Patients with carotid stenosis have more GG and less TT in codon 2 of the hZIP2 gene than controls.
Neurodegeneration
"DNA Vaccine Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease: Present Status and Future Direction" by Yoshio Okura and Yoh Matsumoto. Review of vaccine therapies for Alzheimer's and positive data about non-viral DNA vaccine experiments on mice.
"Decreased Presence of Perforated Synapses in a Triple-Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease" by Carlo Bertoni-Freddari, Stefano L. Sensi, Belinda Giorgetti, Marta Balietti, Giuseppina Di Stefano, Lorella M.T. Canzoniero, Tiziana Casoli, and Patrizia Fattoretti. Comparison of the brains of an Alzheimer's mouse model with controls.
"An Ultrasensitive Assay for Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease" by Susanne Aileen Funke, Eva Birkmann, Franziska Henke, Philipp Görtz, Christian Lange-Asschenfeldt, Detlev Riesner, and Dieter Willbold. Test for amyloid beta using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (no idea). Correlations between those measurements and clinical AD symptoms. (Did this become accepted? Sounds very useful)
"Alzheimer's Disease-Like Changes in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infected Cells: The Case for Antiviral Therapy" by Ruth F. Itzhaki and Matthew A. Wozniak. Investigates link between HSV1 infection in the brain and AD, with APOE variants acting as modulators, possibly due to competitive binding of HSV1 entry into cell.
"Cerebral Amyloid-Beta Protein Accumulation with Aging in Cotton-Top Tamarins: A Model of Early Alzheimer's Disease?" by Cynthia A. Lemere, Jiwon Oh, Heather A. Stanish, Ying Peng, Imelda Pepivani, Anne M. Fagan, Haruyasu Yamaguchi, Susan V. Westmoreland, and Keith G. Mansfield. Cotton-top tamarins have amyloid beta plaques.
"Long-Term Visual Object Recognition Memory in Aged Rats" by Daniela Platano, Patrizia Fattoretti, Marta Balietti, Carlo Bertoni-Freddari, and Giorgio Aicardi. They developed a long term (24 hours) memory test that old rats can perform. Supposedly, none was reported before. Interesting also that number of rat-turds is used as a measurement of anxiety.
"Synaptic Remodeling in Hippocampal CA1 Region of Aged Rats Correlates with Better Memory Performance in Passive Avoidance Test" by Daniela Platano, Patrizia Fattoretti, Marta Balietti, Belinda Giorgetti, Tiziana Casoli, Giuseppina Di Stefano, Carlo Bertoni-Freddari, and Giorgio Aicardi. Density of synapses and mitochondria was higher and mitochondrial volume was lower in the rat CA1 hippocampal region 9 hours compared to 6 hours after a memory training exercise in rats that learnt well.
"Immunological Approaches for Amyloid-beta Clearance Toward Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease" by Beka Solomon. Seems to be a review of vaccines against amyloid-beta, but hard to tell.
"A Highly Sensitive Diagnostic Assay for Aggregate-Related Diseases, Including Prion Diseases and Alzheimer's Disease" by Eva Birkmann, Franziska Henke, Susanne Aileen Funke, Oliver Bannach, Detlev Riesner, and Dieter Willbold. Another ultra-sensitive test of protein aggregates by the same group as the one above. This time using surface-fluorescence intensity distribution analysis (and again, no idea).
"Aggregation and Amyloid Fibril Formation of the Prion Protein Is Accelerated in the Presence of Glycogen" by Giannantonio Panza, Jan Stöhr, Eva Birkmann, Detlev Riesner, Dieter Willbold, Otto Baba, Tatsuo Terashima, and Christian Dumpitak. Prion and prion fibril formation is accelerated by the presence of glycogen.
Stem cells
"Characterizing Endothelial Cells Derived from the Murine Embryonic Stem Cell Line CCE" by Fardin Fathi, Abbas Jafari Kermani, Leila Pirmoradi, Seyed Javad Mowla, and Takayuki Asahara. Description of a process to generate endothelial cells from mice ESCs, and characterisation of the generated cells.
"Characterization and Genetic Manipulation of Human Umbilical Cord Vein Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Potential Application in Cell-Based Gene Therapy" by Abbas Jafari Kermani, Fardin Fathi, and Seyed Javad Mowla. Isolation and characterisation of gene expression and surface markers of human umbilical cord vein mesenchymal stem cells. They also electroporated green fluorescent protein and brain-derived neurotrophic factor genes in and got them expressed.
Mitochondria and Oxidative Damage
"Selective Decline of the Metabolic Competence of Oversized Synaptic Mitochondria in the Old Monkey Cerebellum" by Carlo Bertoni-Freddari, Marta Balietti, Belinda Giorgetti, Yessica Grossi, Tiziana Casoli, Giuseppina Di Stefano, Gemma Perretta, and Patrizia Fattoretti. Numeric density, volume density, average volume and average length of mitochondria in the cortex wasn't different between adult and old crab-eating macaques. What was different was the ratio of COX cytochemical precipitate to area of the mitochondrion, which declined, but only in large mitochondria. They take that ratio to be a proxy for mitochondrial metabolic competence.
"Oxidative Stress in Patients with Acute Heart Failure" by Jean-Christophe Charniot, Noëlle Vignat, Jean-Paul Albertini, Vera Bogdanova, Khaled Zerhouni, Jean-Jacques Monsuez, Alain Legrand, Jean-Yves Artigou, and Dominique Bonnefont-Rousselot. Ten people with dilated cardiomyopathy. Higher thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and lower total antioxidant status (TAS), especially when they had arrythmias. Normal alpha-tocopherol, vitamin A and beta-carotene. TBARS and TAS returned to normal once patients returned to stable conditions.
"Anti-Inflammatory Senescence Actives 5203-L Molecule to Promote Healthy Aging and Prolongation of Lifespan" by Jean-François Bisson, Chantal Menut, and Patrizia d'Alessio. The monoterpene AISA 5203-L reverses replicative senescence of human vascular endothelial cells and mellows stress according to some tests. Focus seems to be on medium-stress inducing disease. Hippy vibe but maybe I'm misreading.
"Do Mitochondrial DNA and Metabolic Rate Complement Each Other in Determination of the Mammalian Maximum Longevity?" by Gilad Lehmann, Elena Segal, Khachik K. Muradian, and Vadim E. Fraifeld. GC content of mtDNA together with resting metabolic rate can explain 77% of the variation in maximum lifespan in a study of 140 mammalian species. Maybe interesting.
"Zinc, Metallothioneins, Longevity: Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Antioxidant Response: A Zincage Study" by Eugenio Mocchegiani and The Zincage Consortium. Something about zinc, clusterin, PARP-1 MSR-A, methallothioneins and IL-6. Not sure what.
Immunosenescence
"Immunosenescence and Anti-Immunosenescence Therapies: The Case of Probiotics" by Giuseppina Candore, Carmela Rita Balistreri, Giuseppina Colonna-Romano, Maria Paola Grimaldi, Domenico Lio, Florinda Listi', Letizia Scola, Sonya Vasto, and Calogero Caruso. Possible strategies to defend against thymic involution, domination by memory T-cell and chronic inflammation through probiotics.
"B Cell Immunosenescence in the Elderly and in Centenarians" by Giuseppina Colonna-Romano, Matteo Bulati, Alessandra Aquino, Salvatore Vitello, Domenico Lio, Giuseppina Candore, and Calogero Caruso. B-cells in old people don't respond to new pathogens.
Intracellular Aggregates
"Can Lipofuscin Accumulation Be Prevented?" by Tino Kurz. Reducing intralysosomal iron reduces oxidative stress which could reduce lipofuscin formation. Wants to try pulse doses of iron chelators to see.
"Accumulating Insoluble Protein and Rate of Aging" by Anund Hallén. Thinks there's a link between the exponential form of the Gompertz law with the logarithmic space available to macromolecules in cells due to the formation of a polymer network in the cell which stops the macromolecules/colloids from moving through the cell.
Cell senescence
"Role of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell Senescence" by Christoph Muck, Lucia Micutkova, Werner Zwerschke, and Pidder Jansen-Durr. IGFBP-3 transfection induces apoptosis and senescence in HUVEC. Knockdown by shRNA doesn't revert that.
"Metallothionein Downregulation in Very Old Age: A Phenomenon Associated with Cellular Senescence?" by Marco Malavolta, Catia Cipriano, Laura Costarelli, Robertina Giacconi, Silvia Tesei, Elisa Muti, Francesco Piacenza, Sara Pierpaoli, Annis Larbi, Graham Pawelec, George Dedoussis, George Herbein, Daniela Monti, Jolanta Jajte, Lothar Rink, and Eugenio Mocchegiani. MT proteins decrease in the very old, independent of zinc intake. Age-dependent zinc changes also happen in CD4+ T cells in vitro and peripheral blood mononuclear cells ex-vivo. They follow this with a "thus" old age problems might be partially attributable to diminished cell proliferation, implying that the above is related to cell proliferation.
"Repeat Mild Heat Shock Increases Dermal Fibroblast Activity and Collagen Production" by Andrew E. Mayes and Caroline D. Holyoak. What the title says, in cells from a 12, 22 and 65 year olds.
Nutrient Sensing
"Relationship Between Calorie Restriction and the Biological Clock: Lessons from Long-Lived Transgenic Mice" by Oren Froy, Nava Chapnik, and Ruth Miskin. alpha-MUPA mice eat 20% less and live 20% longer. They have high amplitude, appropriately reset circadian rhythms in clock gene expression, and circadian behaviours. (I'm not sure what that means. That the sun resets the gene expression rhythm quickly?) They say that since CR resets circadian rhythm, maybe that's a mediator of the longevity extension.
"Enhancing Longevity: Novel Caloric Restriction Mimetics" by Alexander E. Michalow. No abstract. First page didn't get to the point.
Psychological, Political, and Social Context
"Zinc in Elderly People: Effects of Zinc Supplementation on Psychological Dimensions in Dependence of IL-6 -174 Polymorphism: A Zincage Study" by Fiorella Marcellini, Cinzia Giuli, Roberta Papa, Cristina Gagliardi, George Dedoussis, Daniela Monti, Jolanta Jajte, Robertina Giacconi, Marco Malavolta, and Eugenio Mocchegiani. Looked at zinc intake combined with 174-polymorphism in IL-6 in old people. Improved perceived stress but not results of mini-mental state examination or geriatric depression scale.
"Making the Political Case for Biogerontology Funding: A View from the Trenches" by Huber R. Warner. Funding.
General
"Have We Reached the Point for In Vivo Rejuvenation?" by Amir Abramovich, Khachik K. Muradian, and Vadim E. Fraifeld. Wants to try de-differentiation and re-differentiation in vivo. Hints at iPSCs. Was waiting for this to pop up.
"Scientific Justification of Cryonics Practice" by Benjamin P. Best. Open access but not reading. I suspect I'm familiar with the arguments, don't need to be convinced.
"Youth Maintenance and Postponing Human Aging in Reality" by Ülo Kristjuhan. Nothing concrete in abstract (not intended), but vaguely how to accelerate the life extension currently happening.
"Role of Environmental and Genetic Factor Interaction in Age-Related Disease Development: The Gastric Cancer Paradigm" by Giusi Irma Forte, Cinzia Calà, Letizia Scola, Antonino Crivello, Arianna Gullo, Lorenzo Marasà, Antonio Giacalone, Celestino Bonura, Calogero Caruso, Domenico Lio, and Anna Giammanco. The 511T-variant of IL-1 beta is associated with an increased risk of chronic gastritis.
'“Accelerating Aging” Chemotherapy on Aged Animals: Protective Effect from Nutraceutical Modulation' by Francesco Marotta, Masatoshi Harada, Emilio Minelli, Suzanne K. Ono-Nita, and Paulo Marandola. Denshichi-Tochiu-Sen recovered macrophage chemotaxis, function and concentration and some other things on mice given chemotherapy.
"Muscular Metabolism in Aged Rats Under Exhaustive Exercise: Effect of a Modified Alkaline Supplementation" by Francesco Marotta, De Hua Chui, Aldo Lorenzetti, Flavia Fayet, Tsin Liu, and Paolo Marandola. They added modified alkalizing supplementation (MAS) to some rats running them to exhaustion. Exercise increased lactic acid and creatin-phosphokinase, and dropped muscle glycogen. MAS group had bigger succinate dehydrogenase and acetylcarinitine increases.
"Genetic Polymorphisms and Human Aging: Association Studies Deliver" by David Melzer. GWAS found polymorphisms in INK4a/INK4b and CDKN2a/b genes in p16/p15 locus linked with differences in physical function in old people. Later GWAS studying type 2 diabetes and MI confirms importance of this locus.
"Making SENSE: Strategies for Engineering Negligible Senescence Evolutionarily" by Michael R. Rose. Treat aging through evolutionary means. Rose-ish content.
By the abstracts, and by the sections they are under:
Cardiovascular disease
"Age-Specific Modulation of Genes Involved in Lipid and Cholesterol Homeostasis by Dietary Zinc" by Dawn J. Mazzatti, Eugenio Mocchegiani, and Jonathan R. Powell. The abstract doesn't say any more than the title.
"Modulation of Genes Involved in Zinc Homeostasis in Old Low-Grade Atherosclerotic Patients Under Effects of HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors" by Laura Costarelli, Elisa Muti, Marco Malavolta, Robertina Giacconi, Catia Cipriano, Davide Sartini, Monica Emanuelli, Mauro Silvestrini, Leandro Provinciali, Beatrice Gobbi, and Eugenio Mocchegiani. Beyond me. Something about zinc signalling in specific immune cells.
"TLR2 and Age-Related Diseases: Potential Effects of Arg753Gln and Arg677Trp Polymorphisms in Acute Myocardial Infarction" by Carmela Rita Balistreri, Guiseppina Candore, Monica Mirabile, Domenico Lio, Gregorio Caimi, Egle Incalcaterra, Marco Caruso, Enrico Hoffmann, and Calogero Caruso. No association between those two polymorphisms and MI.
"A Novel Zip2 Gln/Arg/Leu Codon 2 Polymorphism Is Associated with Carotid Artery Disease in Aging" by Robertina Giacconi, Elisa Muti, Marco Malavolta, Maurizio Cardelli, Sara Pierpaoli, Catia Cipriano, Laura Costarelli, Silvia Tesei, Vittorio Saba, and Eugenio Mocchegiani. Patients with carotid stenosis have more GG and less TT in codon 2 of the hZIP2 gene than controls.
Neurodegeneration
"DNA Vaccine Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease: Present Status and Future Direction" by Yoshio Okura and Yoh Matsumoto. Review of vaccine therapies for Alzheimer's and positive data about non-viral DNA vaccine experiments on mice.
"Decreased Presence of Perforated Synapses in a Triple-Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease" by Carlo Bertoni-Freddari, Stefano L. Sensi, Belinda Giorgetti, Marta Balietti, Giuseppina Di Stefano, Lorella M.T. Canzoniero, Tiziana Casoli, and Patrizia Fattoretti. Comparison of the brains of an Alzheimer's mouse model with controls.
"An Ultrasensitive Assay for Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease" by Susanne Aileen Funke, Eva Birkmann, Franziska Henke, Philipp Görtz, Christian Lange-Asschenfeldt, Detlev Riesner, and Dieter Willbold. Test for amyloid beta using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (no idea). Correlations between those measurements and clinical AD symptoms. (Did this become accepted? Sounds very useful)
"Alzheimer's Disease-Like Changes in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infected Cells: The Case for Antiviral Therapy" by Ruth F. Itzhaki and Matthew A. Wozniak. Investigates link between HSV1 infection in the brain and AD, with APOE variants acting as modulators, possibly due to competitive binding of HSV1 entry into cell.
"Cerebral Amyloid-Beta Protein Accumulation with Aging in Cotton-Top Tamarins: A Model of Early Alzheimer's Disease?" by Cynthia A. Lemere, Jiwon Oh, Heather A. Stanish, Ying Peng, Imelda Pepivani, Anne M. Fagan, Haruyasu Yamaguchi, Susan V. Westmoreland, and Keith G. Mansfield. Cotton-top tamarins have amyloid beta plaques.
"Long-Term Visual Object Recognition Memory in Aged Rats" by Daniela Platano, Patrizia Fattoretti, Marta Balietti, Carlo Bertoni-Freddari, and Giorgio Aicardi. They developed a long term (24 hours) memory test that old rats can perform. Supposedly, none was reported before. Interesting also that number of rat-turds is used as a measurement of anxiety.
"Synaptic Remodeling in Hippocampal CA1 Region of Aged Rats Correlates with Better Memory Performance in Passive Avoidance Test" by Daniela Platano, Patrizia Fattoretti, Marta Balietti, Belinda Giorgetti, Tiziana Casoli, Giuseppina Di Stefano, Carlo Bertoni-Freddari, and Giorgio Aicardi. Density of synapses and mitochondria was higher and mitochondrial volume was lower in the rat CA1 hippocampal region 9 hours compared to 6 hours after a memory training exercise in rats that learnt well.
"Immunological Approaches for Amyloid-beta Clearance Toward Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease" by Beka Solomon. Seems to be a review of vaccines against amyloid-beta, but hard to tell.
"A Highly Sensitive Diagnostic Assay for Aggregate-Related Diseases, Including Prion Diseases and Alzheimer's Disease" by Eva Birkmann, Franziska Henke, Susanne Aileen Funke, Oliver Bannach, Detlev Riesner, and Dieter Willbold. Another ultra-sensitive test of protein aggregates by the same group as the one above. This time using surface-fluorescence intensity distribution analysis (and again, no idea).
"Aggregation and Amyloid Fibril Formation of the Prion Protein Is Accelerated in the Presence of Glycogen" by Giannantonio Panza, Jan Stöhr, Eva Birkmann, Detlev Riesner, Dieter Willbold, Otto Baba, Tatsuo Terashima, and Christian Dumpitak. Prion and prion fibril formation is accelerated by the presence of glycogen.
Stem cells
"Characterizing Endothelial Cells Derived from the Murine Embryonic Stem Cell Line CCE" by Fardin Fathi, Abbas Jafari Kermani, Leila Pirmoradi, Seyed Javad Mowla, and Takayuki Asahara. Description of a process to generate endothelial cells from mice ESCs, and characterisation of the generated cells.
"Characterization and Genetic Manipulation of Human Umbilical Cord Vein Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Potential Application in Cell-Based Gene Therapy" by Abbas Jafari Kermani, Fardin Fathi, and Seyed Javad Mowla. Isolation and characterisation of gene expression and surface markers of human umbilical cord vein mesenchymal stem cells. They also electroporated green fluorescent protein and brain-derived neurotrophic factor genes in and got them expressed.
Mitochondria and Oxidative Damage
"Selective Decline of the Metabolic Competence of Oversized Synaptic Mitochondria in the Old Monkey Cerebellum" by Carlo Bertoni-Freddari, Marta Balietti, Belinda Giorgetti, Yessica Grossi, Tiziana Casoli, Giuseppina Di Stefano, Gemma Perretta, and Patrizia Fattoretti. Numeric density, volume density, average volume and average length of mitochondria in the cortex wasn't different between adult and old crab-eating macaques. What was different was the ratio of COX cytochemical precipitate to area of the mitochondrion, which declined, but only in large mitochondria. They take that ratio to be a proxy for mitochondrial metabolic competence.
"Oxidative Stress in Patients with Acute Heart Failure" by Jean-Christophe Charniot, Noëlle Vignat, Jean-Paul Albertini, Vera Bogdanova, Khaled Zerhouni, Jean-Jacques Monsuez, Alain Legrand, Jean-Yves Artigou, and Dominique Bonnefont-Rousselot. Ten people with dilated cardiomyopathy. Higher thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and lower total antioxidant status (TAS), especially when they had arrythmias. Normal alpha-tocopherol, vitamin A and beta-carotene. TBARS and TAS returned to normal once patients returned to stable conditions.
"Anti-Inflammatory Senescence Actives 5203-L Molecule to Promote Healthy Aging and Prolongation of Lifespan" by Jean-François Bisson, Chantal Menut, and Patrizia d'Alessio. The monoterpene AISA 5203-L reverses replicative senescence of human vascular endothelial cells and mellows stress according to some tests. Focus seems to be on medium-stress inducing disease. Hippy vibe but maybe I'm misreading.
"Do Mitochondrial DNA and Metabolic Rate Complement Each Other in Determination of the Mammalian Maximum Longevity?" by Gilad Lehmann, Elena Segal, Khachik K. Muradian, and Vadim E. Fraifeld. GC content of mtDNA together with resting metabolic rate can explain 77% of the variation in maximum lifespan in a study of 140 mammalian species. Maybe interesting.
"Zinc, Metallothioneins, Longevity: Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Antioxidant Response: A Zincage Study" by Eugenio Mocchegiani and The Zincage Consortium. Something about zinc, clusterin, PARP-1 MSR-A, methallothioneins and IL-6. Not sure what.
Immunosenescence
"Immunosenescence and Anti-Immunosenescence Therapies: The Case of Probiotics" by Giuseppina Candore, Carmela Rita Balistreri, Giuseppina Colonna-Romano, Maria Paola Grimaldi, Domenico Lio, Florinda Listi', Letizia Scola, Sonya Vasto, and Calogero Caruso. Possible strategies to defend against thymic involution, domination by memory T-cell and chronic inflammation through probiotics.
"B Cell Immunosenescence in the Elderly and in Centenarians" by Giuseppina Colonna-Romano, Matteo Bulati, Alessandra Aquino, Salvatore Vitello, Domenico Lio, Giuseppina Candore, and Calogero Caruso. B-cells in old people don't respond to new pathogens.
Intracellular Aggregates
"Can Lipofuscin Accumulation Be Prevented?" by Tino Kurz. Reducing intralysosomal iron reduces oxidative stress which could reduce lipofuscin formation. Wants to try pulse doses of iron chelators to see.
"Accumulating Insoluble Protein and Rate of Aging" by Anund Hallén. Thinks there's a link between the exponential form of the Gompertz law with the logarithmic space available to macromolecules in cells due to the formation of a polymer network in the cell which stops the macromolecules/colloids from moving through the cell.
Cell senescence
"Role of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell Senescence" by Christoph Muck, Lucia Micutkova, Werner Zwerschke, and Pidder Jansen-Durr. IGFBP-3 transfection induces apoptosis and senescence in HUVEC. Knockdown by shRNA doesn't revert that.
"Metallothionein Downregulation in Very Old Age: A Phenomenon Associated with Cellular Senescence?" by Marco Malavolta, Catia Cipriano, Laura Costarelli, Robertina Giacconi, Silvia Tesei, Elisa Muti, Francesco Piacenza, Sara Pierpaoli, Annis Larbi, Graham Pawelec, George Dedoussis, George Herbein, Daniela Monti, Jolanta Jajte, Lothar Rink, and Eugenio Mocchegiani. MT proteins decrease in the very old, independent of zinc intake. Age-dependent zinc changes also happen in CD4+ T cells in vitro and peripheral blood mononuclear cells ex-vivo. They follow this with a "thus" old age problems might be partially attributable to diminished cell proliferation, implying that the above is related to cell proliferation.
"Repeat Mild Heat Shock Increases Dermal Fibroblast Activity and Collagen Production" by Andrew E. Mayes and Caroline D. Holyoak. What the title says, in cells from a 12, 22 and 65 year olds.
Nutrient Sensing
"Relationship Between Calorie Restriction and the Biological Clock: Lessons from Long-Lived Transgenic Mice" by Oren Froy, Nava Chapnik, and Ruth Miskin. alpha-MUPA mice eat 20% less and live 20% longer. They have high amplitude, appropriately reset circadian rhythms in clock gene expression, and circadian behaviours. (I'm not sure what that means. That the sun resets the gene expression rhythm quickly?) They say that since CR resets circadian rhythm, maybe that's a mediator of the longevity extension.
"Enhancing Longevity: Novel Caloric Restriction Mimetics" by Alexander E. Michalow. No abstract. First page didn't get to the point.
Psychological, Political, and Social Context
"Zinc in Elderly People: Effects of Zinc Supplementation on Psychological Dimensions in Dependence of IL-6 -174 Polymorphism: A Zincage Study" by Fiorella Marcellini, Cinzia Giuli, Roberta Papa, Cristina Gagliardi, George Dedoussis, Daniela Monti, Jolanta Jajte, Robertina Giacconi, Marco Malavolta, and Eugenio Mocchegiani. Looked at zinc intake combined with 174-polymorphism in IL-6 in old people. Improved perceived stress but not results of mini-mental state examination or geriatric depression scale.
"Making the Political Case for Biogerontology Funding: A View from the Trenches" by Huber R. Warner. Funding.
General
"Have We Reached the Point for In Vivo Rejuvenation?" by Amir Abramovich, Khachik K. Muradian, and Vadim E. Fraifeld. Wants to try de-differentiation and re-differentiation in vivo. Hints at iPSCs. Was waiting for this to pop up.
"Scientific Justification of Cryonics Practice" by Benjamin P. Best. Open access but not reading. I suspect I'm familiar with the arguments, don't need to be convinced.
"Youth Maintenance and Postponing Human Aging in Reality" by Ülo Kristjuhan. Nothing concrete in abstract (not intended), but vaguely how to accelerate the life extension currently happening.
"Role of Environmental and Genetic Factor Interaction in Age-Related Disease Development: The Gastric Cancer Paradigm" by Giusi Irma Forte, Cinzia Calà, Letizia Scola, Antonino Crivello, Arianna Gullo, Lorenzo Marasà, Antonio Giacalone, Celestino Bonura, Calogero Caruso, Domenico Lio, and Anna Giammanco. The 511T-variant of IL-1 beta is associated with an increased risk of chronic gastritis.
'“Accelerating Aging” Chemotherapy on Aged Animals: Protective Effect from Nutraceutical Modulation' by Francesco Marotta, Masatoshi Harada, Emilio Minelli, Suzanne K. Ono-Nita, and Paulo Marandola. Denshichi-Tochiu-Sen recovered macrophage chemotaxis, function and concentration and some other things on mice given chemotherapy.
"Muscular Metabolism in Aged Rats Under Exhaustive Exercise: Effect of a Modified Alkaline Supplementation" by Francesco Marotta, De Hua Chui, Aldo Lorenzetti, Flavia Fayet, Tsin Liu, and Paolo Marandola. They added modified alkalizing supplementation (MAS) to some rats running them to exhaustion. Exercise increased lactic acid and creatin-phosphokinase, and dropped muscle glycogen. MAS group had bigger succinate dehydrogenase and acetylcarinitine increases.
"Genetic Polymorphisms and Human Aging: Association Studies Deliver" by David Melzer. GWAS found polymorphisms in INK4a/INK4b and CDKN2a/b genes in p16/p15 locus linked with differences in physical function in old people. Later GWAS studying type 2 diabetes and MI confirms importance of this locus.
"Making SENSE: Strategies for Engineering Negligible Senescence Evolutionarily" by Michael R. Rose. Treat aging through evolutionary means. Rose-ish content.
Wednesday, September 2, 2015
Issue 1, 2008
By the abstracts:
"Human Embryonic Stem Cell Telomere Length Impacts Directly on Clonal Progenitor Isolation Frequency" by Nicholas R. Forsyth and Jim McWhir. They identify and grab some partially differentiated hESCs that divide a lot and count how many times they can divide. They measure the length of the telomeres of the parent hESCs and say that the number of times that the offspring divided matches the telomere-bound limit. They also insert hTERT and I think they are saying that the offspring can then replicate forever but I'm not clear about this. Did this end up being true? Sounds pretty good if it did.
"Embryonic Stem Cells: From Markers to Market" by Kaushik Dilip Deb, Anitha Devi Jayaprakash, Vijay Sharma, and Satish Totey. Review paper about safety epigenetic markers, stemness gene-expression markers and lineage gene-expression markers in hESCs.
"Epigenetic Engineering and Its Possible Role in Anti-Aging Intervention" by Alexander M. Vaiserman. Hypothesises that the hormetic effect on lifespan might come about through a common epigenetic mechanism regardless of the type of stressor. Seems to be talking about early-life mild stressors only.
"Long-Term Treatment with a Yang-Invigorating Chinese Herbal Formula Produces Generalized Tissue Protection Against Oxidative Damage in Rats" by Po Yee Chiu, Hoi Yan Leung, Ada Hoi Ling Siu, Na Chen, Michel K.T. Poon, and Kam Ming Ko. Spruiking Vigconic 28. Tested on female rats, claims to have increased copper-zinc superoxide dismutase levels and general oxidant damage resistance in tissue and mitochondria.
"Fatty Acid Profile of Erythrocyte Membranes As Possible Biomarker of Longevity" by Annibale A. Puca, Peter Andrew, Valeria Novelli, Chiara Viviani Anselmi, Francesco Somalvico, Nicola A. Cirillo, Chryssostomos Chatgilialoglu, and Carla Ferreri. 90-something year olds have more monounsaturated and less long polyunsaturated fatty acids in their red blood cells.
"Immunoproteasome in Macaca fascicularis: No Age-Dependent Modification of Abundance and Activity in the Brain and Insight into an in silico Structural Model" by Elena Bellavista, Michele Mishto, Aurelia Santoro, Carlo Bertoni-Freddari, Richard B. Sessions, and Claudio Franceschi. Not really sure. They find no difference in activity of these proteasome proteins in young and old in different parts of the brains of crab-eating macaques, except in one area. They also built a model of something, but it's all beyond me.
"Lifelong α-Tocopherol Supplementation Increases the Median Life Span of C57BL/6 Mice in the Cold but Has Only Minor Effects on Oxidative Damage" by Colin Selman, Jane S. McLaren, Claus Mayer, Jackie S. Duncan, Andrew R. Collins, Garry G. Duthie, Paula Redman, and John R. Speakman. What the title says. Cold means 7 degrees. 785 days vs 682 days. 44 in each group.
"Elastin Haploinsufficiency Induces Alternative Aging Processes in the Aorta" by Mylène Pezet, Marie-Paule Jacob, Brigitte Escoubet, Dealba Gheduzzi, Emmanuelle Tillet, Pascale Perret, Philippe Huber, Daniela Quaglino, Roger Vranckx, Dean Y. Li, Barry Starcher, Walter A. Boyle, Robert P. Mecham, and Gilles Faury. Elastin is synthesised only in early life (!). Mice (+/-) on Eln had same lifespan, but looked like they had vascular issues early, typical of stiff arteries, but didn't have the issues later with arterial wall thickening and alpha-1-adrenoceptor-mediated vasoconstriction.
"Paraoxonase 1: Genetics and Activities During Aging" by Francesca Marchegiani, Maurizio Marra, Fabiola Olivieri, Maurizio Cardelli, Richard W. James, Massimo Boemi, and Claudio Franceschi. Paroxonase-1 is an enzyme that protects lipids from peroxidative damage. This is a review of its possible effects on human longevity.
"Hypermagnesemia Predicts Mortality in Elderly with Congestive Heart Disease: Relationship with Laxative and Antacid Use" by Graziamaria Corbi, Domenico Acanfora, Gian Luca Iannuzzi, Giancarlo Longobardi, Francesco Cacciatore, Giuseppe Furgi, Amelia Filippelli, Giuseppe Rengo, Dario Leosco, and Nicola Ferrara. 3-year survival of 17.3 vs 22.5 months of hypermagnesia vs normomagnesia in 200 CHF >65 year old patients. Other measurements too.
"Exercise Training Promotes SIRT1 Activity in Aged Rats" by Nicola Ferrara, Barbara Rinaldi, Graziamaria Corbi, Valeria Conti, Paola Stiuso, Silvia Boccuti, Giuseppe Rengo, Francesco Rossi, and Amelia Filippelli. Lot of cites of this one for some reason. Aging reduced SIRT1 activity in the heart but not in the fat. Decreased MnSOD and catalase in both. Increased oxidation markers in both. Exercised old rats had higher MnSOD and catalase in both. Increased FOXO3a protein in the heart and mRNA in the fat. Increased SIRT1 in the heart.
"Development and Validation of a Multidimensional Prognostic Index for One-Year Mortality from Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment in Hospitalized Older Patients" by Alberto Pilotto, Luigi Ferrucci, Marilisa Franceschi, Luigi P. D'Ambrosio, Carlo Scarcelli, Leandro Cascavilla, Francesco Paris, Giuliana Placentino, Davide Seripa, Bruno Dallapiccola, and Gioacchino Leandro. Also a crapload of cites. 63-variable classifier with a 0.751 ROC on 6-month and 1-year mortality. 850 people in each of the training and validation set.
"Human Sarcopenia Reveals an Increase in SOCS-3 and Myostatin and a Reduced Efficiency of Akt Phosphorylation" by Bertrand Léger, Wim Derave, Katrien De Bock, Peter Hespel, and Aaron P. Russell. Tons of cites. Fast-muscle cross-sectional fibre area 45% lower in 70-year olds compared to 20-year olds. Higher myostatin, TNF-alpha, SOCS-3, total, but not phosphorilated, Akt, GSK-3beta. Lower growth hormone reeptor and IGF-1 mRNA.
"Effect of Senescence on Macrophage Polarization and Angiogenesis" by Dru S. Dace and Rajendra S. Apte. Review of age-related changes in innate immune system, especially macrophages and eye disease.
"Response to Histamine Allows the Functional Identification of Neuronal Progenitors, Neurons, Astrocytes, and Immature Cells in Subventricular Zone Cell Cultures" by Fabienne Agasse, Liliana Bernardino, Bruno Silva, Raquel Ferreira, Sofia Grade, and João O. Malva. A brain one. I suck at brain ones. They distinguish type of neurons by grabbing one and pumping histamine or potassium chloride on it and seeing how their calcium-ion levels changed.
"Dietary Supplementation Exerts Neuroprotective Effects in Ischemic Stroke Model" by Takao Yasuhara, Koichi Hara, Mina Maki, Tadashi Masuda, Cyndy D. Sanberg, Paul R. Sanberg, Paula C. Bickford, and Cesar V. Borlongan. Gave rats blueberry, green tea, vitamin D3 and carnosine, then gave them a stroke. Treated rats did better. 8 rats per group.
"Tonic β-Adrenergic Drive Provokes Proinflammatory and Proapoptotic Changes in Aging Mouse Heart" by Aihua Hu, Xiangying Jiao, Erhe Gao, Yonghai Li, Said Sharifi-Azad, Zvi Grunwald, Xin L. Ma, and Jian-Zhong Sun. Older mice had higher inducible nitric oxide synthase, CRP and myocardial apoptosis. Can generate those same issues in young mice by pumping isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic receptor stimulator.
"Zinc Supplementation in the Elderly Reduces Spontaneous Inflammatory Cytokine Release and Restores T Cell Functions" by Laura Kahmann, Peter Uciechowski, Sabine Warmuth, Birgit Plümäkers, Axel M. Gressner, Marco Malavolta, Eugenio Mocchegiani, and Lothar Rink. Zinced up 19 old people. Cytokine release went down, and something else, claiming lower inflamation but better immune response.
"Cognitive Training Is Ineffective in Hypoxemic COPD: A Six-Month Randomized Controlled Trial" by Raffaele Antonelli Incalzi, Andrea Corsonello, Luigi Trojano, Claudio Pedone, Domenico Acanfora, Aldo Spada, Orsola Izzo, and Franco Rengo. Cognitive training plus standard care did no better than standard care for people with COPD on cognitive performance at 6 months. 50 people per group. Negative results always sound more believable.
"An Inverse Association Between Self-Reported Arthritis and Mortality in the Elderly: Findings from the National Long-Term Care Survey" by Alexander M. Kulminski, Irina V. Kulminskaya, Svetlana V. Ukraintseva, Kenneth Land, and Anatoli I. Yashin. Strange one: people who reported to have arthritis lived longer. Relative risk 0.81. Result of fishing?
"Human Embryonic Stem Cell Telomere Length Impacts Directly on Clonal Progenitor Isolation Frequency" by Nicholas R. Forsyth and Jim McWhir. They identify and grab some partially differentiated hESCs that divide a lot and count how many times they can divide. They measure the length of the telomeres of the parent hESCs and say that the number of times that the offspring divided matches the telomere-bound limit. They also insert hTERT and I think they are saying that the offspring can then replicate forever but I'm not clear about this. Did this end up being true? Sounds pretty good if it did.
"Embryonic Stem Cells: From Markers to Market" by Kaushik Dilip Deb, Anitha Devi Jayaprakash, Vijay Sharma, and Satish Totey. Review paper about safety epigenetic markers, stemness gene-expression markers and lineage gene-expression markers in hESCs.
"Epigenetic Engineering and Its Possible Role in Anti-Aging Intervention" by Alexander M. Vaiserman. Hypothesises that the hormetic effect on lifespan might come about through a common epigenetic mechanism regardless of the type of stressor. Seems to be talking about early-life mild stressors only.
"Long-Term Treatment with a Yang-Invigorating Chinese Herbal Formula Produces Generalized Tissue Protection Against Oxidative Damage in Rats" by Po Yee Chiu, Hoi Yan Leung, Ada Hoi Ling Siu, Na Chen, Michel K.T. Poon, and Kam Ming Ko. Spruiking Vigconic 28. Tested on female rats, claims to have increased copper-zinc superoxide dismutase levels and general oxidant damage resistance in tissue and mitochondria.
"Fatty Acid Profile of Erythrocyte Membranes As Possible Biomarker of Longevity" by Annibale A. Puca, Peter Andrew, Valeria Novelli, Chiara Viviani Anselmi, Francesco Somalvico, Nicola A. Cirillo, Chryssostomos Chatgilialoglu, and Carla Ferreri. 90-something year olds have more monounsaturated and less long polyunsaturated fatty acids in their red blood cells.
"Immunoproteasome in Macaca fascicularis: No Age-Dependent Modification of Abundance and Activity in the Brain and Insight into an in silico Structural Model" by Elena Bellavista, Michele Mishto, Aurelia Santoro, Carlo Bertoni-Freddari, Richard B. Sessions, and Claudio Franceschi. Not really sure. They find no difference in activity of these proteasome proteins in young and old in different parts of the brains of crab-eating macaques, except in one area. They also built a model of something, but it's all beyond me.
"Lifelong α-Tocopherol Supplementation Increases the Median Life Span of C57BL/6 Mice in the Cold but Has Only Minor Effects on Oxidative Damage" by Colin Selman, Jane S. McLaren, Claus Mayer, Jackie S. Duncan, Andrew R. Collins, Garry G. Duthie, Paula Redman, and John R. Speakman. What the title says. Cold means 7 degrees. 785 days vs 682 days. 44 in each group.
"Elastin Haploinsufficiency Induces Alternative Aging Processes in the Aorta" by Mylène Pezet, Marie-Paule Jacob, Brigitte Escoubet, Dealba Gheduzzi, Emmanuelle Tillet, Pascale Perret, Philippe Huber, Daniela Quaglino, Roger Vranckx, Dean Y. Li, Barry Starcher, Walter A. Boyle, Robert P. Mecham, and Gilles Faury. Elastin is synthesised only in early life (!). Mice (+/-) on Eln had same lifespan, but looked like they had vascular issues early, typical of stiff arteries, but didn't have the issues later with arterial wall thickening and alpha-1-adrenoceptor-mediated vasoconstriction.
"Paraoxonase 1: Genetics and Activities During Aging" by Francesca Marchegiani, Maurizio Marra, Fabiola Olivieri, Maurizio Cardelli, Richard W. James, Massimo Boemi, and Claudio Franceschi. Paroxonase-1 is an enzyme that protects lipids from peroxidative damage. This is a review of its possible effects on human longevity.
"Hypermagnesemia Predicts Mortality in Elderly with Congestive Heart Disease: Relationship with Laxative and Antacid Use" by Graziamaria Corbi, Domenico Acanfora, Gian Luca Iannuzzi, Giancarlo Longobardi, Francesco Cacciatore, Giuseppe Furgi, Amelia Filippelli, Giuseppe Rengo, Dario Leosco, and Nicola Ferrara. 3-year survival of 17.3 vs 22.5 months of hypermagnesia vs normomagnesia in 200 CHF >65 year old patients. Other measurements too.
"Exercise Training Promotes SIRT1 Activity in Aged Rats" by Nicola Ferrara, Barbara Rinaldi, Graziamaria Corbi, Valeria Conti, Paola Stiuso, Silvia Boccuti, Giuseppe Rengo, Francesco Rossi, and Amelia Filippelli. Lot of cites of this one for some reason. Aging reduced SIRT1 activity in the heart but not in the fat. Decreased MnSOD and catalase in both. Increased oxidation markers in both. Exercised old rats had higher MnSOD and catalase in both. Increased FOXO3a protein in the heart and mRNA in the fat. Increased SIRT1 in the heart.
"Development and Validation of a Multidimensional Prognostic Index for One-Year Mortality from Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment in Hospitalized Older Patients" by Alberto Pilotto, Luigi Ferrucci, Marilisa Franceschi, Luigi P. D'Ambrosio, Carlo Scarcelli, Leandro Cascavilla, Francesco Paris, Giuliana Placentino, Davide Seripa, Bruno Dallapiccola, and Gioacchino Leandro. Also a crapload of cites. 63-variable classifier with a 0.751 ROC on 6-month and 1-year mortality. 850 people in each of the training and validation set.
"Human Sarcopenia Reveals an Increase in SOCS-3 and Myostatin and a Reduced Efficiency of Akt Phosphorylation" by Bertrand Léger, Wim Derave, Katrien De Bock, Peter Hespel, and Aaron P. Russell. Tons of cites. Fast-muscle cross-sectional fibre area 45% lower in 70-year olds compared to 20-year olds. Higher myostatin, TNF-alpha, SOCS-3, total, but not phosphorilated, Akt, GSK-3beta. Lower growth hormone reeptor and IGF-1 mRNA.
"Effect of Senescence on Macrophage Polarization and Angiogenesis" by Dru S. Dace and Rajendra S. Apte. Review of age-related changes in innate immune system, especially macrophages and eye disease.
"Response to Histamine Allows the Functional Identification of Neuronal Progenitors, Neurons, Astrocytes, and Immature Cells in Subventricular Zone Cell Cultures" by Fabienne Agasse, Liliana Bernardino, Bruno Silva, Raquel Ferreira, Sofia Grade, and João O. Malva. A brain one. I suck at brain ones. They distinguish type of neurons by grabbing one and pumping histamine or potassium chloride on it and seeing how their calcium-ion levels changed.
"Dietary Supplementation Exerts Neuroprotective Effects in Ischemic Stroke Model" by Takao Yasuhara, Koichi Hara, Mina Maki, Tadashi Masuda, Cyndy D. Sanberg, Paul R. Sanberg, Paula C. Bickford, and Cesar V. Borlongan. Gave rats blueberry, green tea, vitamin D3 and carnosine, then gave them a stroke. Treated rats did better. 8 rats per group.
"Tonic β-Adrenergic Drive Provokes Proinflammatory and Proapoptotic Changes in Aging Mouse Heart" by Aihua Hu, Xiangying Jiao, Erhe Gao, Yonghai Li, Said Sharifi-Azad, Zvi Grunwald, Xin L. Ma, and Jian-Zhong Sun. Older mice had higher inducible nitric oxide synthase, CRP and myocardial apoptosis. Can generate those same issues in young mice by pumping isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic receptor stimulator.
"Zinc Supplementation in the Elderly Reduces Spontaneous Inflammatory Cytokine Release and Restores T Cell Functions" by Laura Kahmann, Peter Uciechowski, Sabine Warmuth, Birgit Plümäkers, Axel M. Gressner, Marco Malavolta, Eugenio Mocchegiani, and Lothar Rink. Zinced up 19 old people. Cytokine release went down, and something else, claiming lower inflamation but better immune response.
"Cognitive Training Is Ineffective in Hypoxemic COPD: A Six-Month Randomized Controlled Trial" by Raffaele Antonelli Incalzi, Andrea Corsonello, Luigi Trojano, Claudio Pedone, Domenico Acanfora, Aldo Spada, Orsola Izzo, and Franco Rengo. Cognitive training plus standard care did no better than standard care for people with COPD on cognitive performance at 6 months. 50 people per group. Negative results always sound more believable.
"An Inverse Association Between Self-Reported Arthritis and Mortality in the Elderly: Findings from the National Long-Term Care Survey" by Alexander M. Kulminski, Irina V. Kulminskaya, Svetlana V. Ukraintseva, Kenneth Land, and Anatoli I. Yashin. Strange one: people who reported to have arthritis lived longer. Relative risk 0.81. Result of fishing?
Friday, May 8, 2015
Issue 4, 2007
By the abstracts:
"Effect of Short-Term Ketogenic Diet on Redox Status of Human Blood" by Rafal R. Nazarewicz, Wieslaw Ziolkowski, Patrick S. Vaccaro, and Pedram Ghafourifar. Giving twenty thin women a low calorie, high fat diet for two weeks raised their blood antioxidative capacity.
"Lipoproteins, Vascular-Related Genetic Factors, and Human Longevity" by Francesco Panza, Alessia D'introno, Cristiano Capurso, Anna Maria Colacicco, Davide Seripa, Alberto Pilotto, Andrea Santamato, Antonio Capurso, and Vincenzo Solfrizzi. Reports about different proportions of lots of diferent alleles in centenarians compared with the rest of the population.
"Intrinsic and Microenvironmental Defects Are Involved in the Age-Related Changes of Lin−c-kit+ Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells" by Alessia Donnini, Francesca Re, Fiorenza Orlando, and Mauro Provinciali. There are less of these specific type of lymphocyte stem cells in old than in young mice. When you transplant these cells from young and old mice into young mice, the ones from young mice differentiate more efficiently, even if you transplant a young thymus along for the ride. When these type of cells from young mice are transplanted into young or old mice, they do better when transplanted into young mice.
"Methionine Restriction Decreases Endogenous Oxidative Molecular Damage and Increases Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Uncoupling Protein 4 in Rat Brain" by Alba Naudí, Pilar Caro, Mariona Jové, José Gómez, Jordi Boada, Victoria Ayala, Manuel Portero-Otín, Gustavo Barja, and Reinald Pamplona. Rats undergoing methionine restriction had: higher mitochondrial complex 1 content and activity, higher complex 3 content, higher mitochondrial biogenesis factor PGC-1alpha, higher uncoupling protein 4, lower mtDNA oxdiation, lower membrane unsaturation in the brain.
"Muscular Transcriptome in Postmenopausal Women With or Without Hormone Replacement" by Eija Pöllänen, Paula HA Ronkainen, Harri Suominen, Timo Takala, Satu Koskinen, Jukka Puolakka, Sarianna Sipilä, and Vuokko Kovanen. What the title says. Randomised control study. HRT slows down the changes.
"Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Deficiency Prolongs Survival and Antagonizes Paraquat–Induced Cardiomyocyte Dysfunction: Role of Oxidative Stress" by Qun Li, Xiaoping Yang, Nair Sreejayan, and Jun Ren. Mice without IGF-1 in their liver lived longer than C57 negative (standard branch?) mice when given paraquat (herbicide, poisonous). Their cardiomyocytes also behaved better in a whole bunch of measurements that I don't understand.
"Sufficiency, Justice, and the Pursuit of Health Extension" by Colin Farrelly. Philosophy.
"N-Glycomic Changes in Serum Proteins During Human Aging" by Valerie Vanhooren, Liesbeth Desmyter, Xue-En Liu, Maurizio Cardelli, Claudio Franceschi, Antonio Federico, Claude Libert, Wouter Laroy, Sylviane Dewaele, Roland Contreras, and Cuiying Chen. Changes in glycosylation of serum proteins with age in humans. Could be used as age or health marker.
"Hunger Does Not Diminish Over Time in Mice Under Protracted Caloric Restriction" by Catherine Hambly, Julian G. Mercer, and John R. Speakman. They measured how much mice eat when they are allowed after different periods of CR. They always eat more, they don't get accustomed to the CR. They keep eating until they get to normal weight.
"Theoretical Paper: Exploring Overlooked Natural Mitochondria-Rejuvenative Intervention: The Puzzle of Bowhead Whales and Naked Mole Rats" by Arkadi F. Prokopov. Something about intermittent hypoxic training/therapy being beneficial, and its benefits being based on a preserved mechanism that is related to intermittent oxygen restriction and intermittent caloric restriction. Not sure. Need to read the details.
"Xenogenic Transfer of Isolated Murine Mitochondria into Human ρ0 Cells Can Improve Respiratory Function" by Eyad Katrangi, Gerard D'Souza, Sarathi V. Boddapati, Mariola Kulawiec, Keshav K. Singh, Brian Bigger, and Volkmar Weissig. They show that mammal cells take up isolated mitochondria just by coincubation, that mice mitochondria transplanted into human cells without mtDNA restore respiration, and something about mitochondria taking up linear DNA easily, so combining that with the cells taking up the mitochondria makes them a good tool for studing mitochondrial genetics.
"Fusion and Regenerative Therapies: Is Immortality Really Recessive?" by Alexandra Stolzing, Jürgen Hescheler, and Sebastian Sethe. Overview of cell fusion experiments in aging and suggestions of future experiments for the purpose of rejuvenating cells. They claim that loss of regenerative capacity is because stem cells lose their ability to fuse effectively (I think that's what they are saying).
"Rhodiola: A Promising Anti-Aging Chinese Herb" by Mahtab Jafari, Jeffrey S. Felgner, Irvin I. Bussel, Tony Hutchili, Behnood Khodayari, Michael R. Rose, C. Vince-Cruz, and Laurence D. Mueller. They tested four chinese herbs on fruit fly, one of them, rhodiola, extended lifespan. Controlled for dietary restriction.
"Differential Effects of In Vitro Zinc Treatment on Gene Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Derived from Young and Elderly Individuals" by D.J. Mazzatti, M. Malavolta, A.J. White, L. Costarelli, R. Giacconi, E. Muti, C. Cipriano, J.R. Powell, and E. Mocchegiani. Differential gene expression analysis of zinc intervention on mononuclear cells of young and old people.
"A Preliminary Analysis of Within-Subject Variation in Human Serum Oxidative Stress Parameters as a Function of Time" by Sandro Argüelles, Ana Gómez, Alberto Machado, and Antonio Ayala. Huge within-subject variability in oxidative stress markers and antioxidant capacity when taking three measurements per day on four days over a period of 51 days.
"Effect of Short-Term Ketogenic Diet on Redox Status of Human Blood" by Rafal R. Nazarewicz, Wieslaw Ziolkowski, Patrick S. Vaccaro, and Pedram Ghafourifar. Giving twenty thin women a low calorie, high fat diet for two weeks raised their blood antioxidative capacity.
"Lipoproteins, Vascular-Related Genetic Factors, and Human Longevity" by Francesco Panza, Alessia D'introno, Cristiano Capurso, Anna Maria Colacicco, Davide Seripa, Alberto Pilotto, Andrea Santamato, Antonio Capurso, and Vincenzo Solfrizzi. Reports about different proportions of lots of diferent alleles in centenarians compared with the rest of the population.
"Intrinsic and Microenvironmental Defects Are Involved in the Age-Related Changes of Lin−c-kit+ Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells" by Alessia Donnini, Francesca Re, Fiorenza Orlando, and Mauro Provinciali. There are less of these specific type of lymphocyte stem cells in old than in young mice. When you transplant these cells from young and old mice into young mice, the ones from young mice differentiate more efficiently, even if you transplant a young thymus along for the ride. When these type of cells from young mice are transplanted into young or old mice, they do better when transplanted into young mice.
"Methionine Restriction Decreases Endogenous Oxidative Molecular Damage and Increases Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Uncoupling Protein 4 in Rat Brain" by Alba Naudí, Pilar Caro, Mariona Jové, José Gómez, Jordi Boada, Victoria Ayala, Manuel Portero-Otín, Gustavo Barja, and Reinald Pamplona. Rats undergoing methionine restriction had: higher mitochondrial complex 1 content and activity, higher complex 3 content, higher mitochondrial biogenesis factor PGC-1alpha, higher uncoupling protein 4, lower mtDNA oxdiation, lower membrane unsaturation in the brain.
"Muscular Transcriptome in Postmenopausal Women With or Without Hormone Replacement" by Eija Pöllänen, Paula HA Ronkainen, Harri Suominen, Timo Takala, Satu Koskinen, Jukka Puolakka, Sarianna Sipilä, and Vuokko Kovanen. What the title says. Randomised control study. HRT slows down the changes.
"Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Deficiency Prolongs Survival and Antagonizes Paraquat–Induced Cardiomyocyte Dysfunction: Role of Oxidative Stress" by Qun Li, Xiaoping Yang, Nair Sreejayan, and Jun Ren. Mice without IGF-1 in their liver lived longer than C57 negative (standard branch?) mice when given paraquat (herbicide, poisonous). Their cardiomyocytes also behaved better in a whole bunch of measurements that I don't understand.
"Sufficiency, Justice, and the Pursuit of Health Extension" by Colin Farrelly. Philosophy.
"N-Glycomic Changes in Serum Proteins During Human Aging" by Valerie Vanhooren, Liesbeth Desmyter, Xue-En Liu, Maurizio Cardelli, Claudio Franceschi, Antonio Federico, Claude Libert, Wouter Laroy, Sylviane Dewaele, Roland Contreras, and Cuiying Chen. Changes in glycosylation of serum proteins with age in humans. Could be used as age or health marker.
"Hunger Does Not Diminish Over Time in Mice Under Protracted Caloric Restriction" by Catherine Hambly, Julian G. Mercer, and John R. Speakman. They measured how much mice eat when they are allowed after different periods of CR. They always eat more, they don't get accustomed to the CR. They keep eating until they get to normal weight.
"Theoretical Paper: Exploring Overlooked Natural Mitochondria-Rejuvenative Intervention: The Puzzle of Bowhead Whales and Naked Mole Rats" by Arkadi F. Prokopov. Something about intermittent hypoxic training/therapy being beneficial, and its benefits being based on a preserved mechanism that is related to intermittent oxygen restriction and intermittent caloric restriction. Not sure. Need to read the details.
"Xenogenic Transfer of Isolated Murine Mitochondria into Human ρ0 Cells Can Improve Respiratory Function" by Eyad Katrangi, Gerard D'Souza, Sarathi V. Boddapati, Mariola Kulawiec, Keshav K. Singh, Brian Bigger, and Volkmar Weissig. They show that mammal cells take up isolated mitochondria just by coincubation, that mice mitochondria transplanted into human cells without mtDNA restore respiration, and something about mitochondria taking up linear DNA easily, so combining that with the cells taking up the mitochondria makes them a good tool for studing mitochondrial genetics.
"Fusion and Regenerative Therapies: Is Immortality Really Recessive?" by Alexandra Stolzing, Jürgen Hescheler, and Sebastian Sethe. Overview of cell fusion experiments in aging and suggestions of future experiments for the purpose of rejuvenating cells. They claim that loss of regenerative capacity is because stem cells lose their ability to fuse effectively (I think that's what they are saying).
"Rhodiola: A Promising Anti-Aging Chinese Herb" by Mahtab Jafari, Jeffrey S. Felgner, Irvin I. Bussel, Tony Hutchili, Behnood Khodayari, Michael R. Rose, C. Vince-Cruz, and Laurence D. Mueller. They tested four chinese herbs on fruit fly, one of them, rhodiola, extended lifespan. Controlled for dietary restriction.
"Differential Effects of In Vitro Zinc Treatment on Gene Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Derived from Young and Elderly Individuals" by D.J. Mazzatti, M. Malavolta, A.J. White, L. Costarelli, R. Giacconi, E. Muti, C. Cipriano, J.R. Powell, and E. Mocchegiani. Differential gene expression analysis of zinc intervention on mononuclear cells of young and old people.
"A Preliminary Analysis of Within-Subject Variation in Human Serum Oxidative Stress Parameters as a Function of Time" by Sandro Argüelles, Ana Gómez, Alberto Machado, and Antonio Ayala. Huge within-subject variability in oxidative stress markers and antioxidant capacity when taking three measurements per day on four days over a period of 51 days.
Tuesday, April 28, 2015
Issue 3, 2007
There are a lot of articles in this issue because they included the papers from the first Edmonton aging symposium.
"Human Reproductive Costs and the Predicted Response to Dietary Restriction" by Robert Arking. Attempts to predict the effects of CR on human longevity with a model based on energy allocation (I think).
"Autophagy in the Heart and Liver During Normal Aging and Calorie Restriction" by Stephanie E. Wohlgemuth, David Julian, Debora E. Akin, Joanna Fried, Kristin Toscano, Christiaan Leeuwenburgh, and William A. Dunn, Jr. Autophagy rates in the heart and liver are not affected by age in rats that eat what they want. It is increased by CR in old rats only in the heart, not in the liver.
"Apolipoprotein E Genotypic Frequencies Among Down Syndrome Patients Imply Early Unsuccessful Aging for ApoE4 Carriers" by Giusi I. Forte, Maria Piccione, Letizia Scola, Antonino Crivello, Cristina Galfano, Massimiliano M. Corsi, Martina Chiappelli, Giuseppina Candore, Mario Giuffrè, Roberto Verna, Federico Licastro, Giovanni Corsello, Calogero Caruso, and Domenico Lio. ApoE4 carriers go down as a proportion of the population at older ages (16% of people under 40, 13% of those in their 70s, and 4% of people over 90 in a study of 360 people). Down syndrome patients at 9% (106 DS average age 9). They use frequency difference between 5-year old DS people to those older to claim that DS is a good model of early aging.
"Dietary Intake of Elderly Living in Toronto Long-Term Care Facilities: Comparison to the Dietary Reference Intake" by Elaheh Aghdassi, Margaret McArthur, Barbara Liu, Alison McGeer, Andrew Simor, and Johane P. Allard. Old people in long term care facilities don't get a perfect diet, but not too bad either.
"Cytochrome c Oxidase Rather than Cytochrome c is a Major Determinant of Mitochondrial Respiratory Capacity in Skeletal Muscle of Aged Rats: Role of Carnitine and Lipoic Acid" by Jayavelu Tamilselvan, Kumarasamy Sivarajan, Muthuswamy Anusuyadevi, and Chinnakkannu Panneerselvam. I don't really understand much more than the title. They did experiments on naked mitochondria that had lost their cytochrome c and where bathing them in cytochrome c didn't recover their natural activity.
"A Model of Metabolic Changes in Respiration-Deficient Human Cells" by F. Mathias Bollmann. A model of how cells with damaged mitochondria survive long term through the combination of glycolysis and a 'partly reversed TCA cycle'. Needs to export succinate.
Following papers from the Edmonton aging symposium
"Mitochondria in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease" by P.J. Crouch, K. Cimdins, J.A. Duce, A.I. Bush, and I.A. Trounce. They postulate that mtDNA mutations are an important factor in amyloid beta production. They say amyloid beta accumulates in mitochondria in Alzheimered brains.
"Engineering Away Lysosomal Junk: Medical Bioremediation" by Bruce E. Rittmann and John Schloendorn. Strains of Nocardia (a bacteria) can degrade 7-ketocholesterol, although it's tricky to tell from the grammar of the sentence to what, or if it can be degraded without modifications. They have some analysis of the intermediate molecules in the degradation pathway.
"Therapeutic Ultrasound Applications in Craniofacial Growth, Healing and Tissue Engineering" by Tarek El-Bialy. Ultrasound being trialled/used to trigger/speed up bone formation/healing and dental formation. This paper claims to explain the molecular basis for this.
"Time, Damage, and Aging: What Really Matters?" by Huber R. Warner. Not sure.
"Nutrition as a Determinant of Successful Aging: Description of the Quebec Longitudinal Study NuAge and Results from Cross-Sectional Pilot Studies" by Pierrette Gaudreau, José A Morais, Bryna Shatenstein, Katherine Gray-Donald, Abdel Khalil, Isabelle Dionne, Guylaine Ferland, Tamàs Fülöp, Danielle Jacques, Marie-Jeanne Kergoat, Daniel Tessier, Richard Wagner, and Hélène Payette. Longitudinal study of 1800 >68 year olds tracking lots of variables. Hasn't finished yet, this is just the description.
"The Cancer–Aging Interface and the Significance of Telomere Dynamics in Cancer Therapy" by Gesche Tallen, Mohamed A. Soliman, and Karl Riabowol. Chemotherapy triggers faster cell regeneration in healthy tissue to compensate for lost cells. This leads to shorter telomeres, which could have some impact down the line.
"Loss of Muscle Strength During Aging Studied at the Gene Level" by Geoffrey Goldspink. Mechano-growth factor, an alternative splicing of IGF-1, increases muscle contractile strength by activating muscle satellite stem cells that do local muscle repair.
"Human Reproductive Costs and the Predicted Response to Dietary Restriction" by Robert Arking. Attempts to predict the effects of CR on human longevity with a model based on energy allocation (I think).
"Autophagy in the Heart and Liver During Normal Aging and Calorie Restriction" by Stephanie E. Wohlgemuth, David Julian, Debora E. Akin, Joanna Fried, Kristin Toscano, Christiaan Leeuwenburgh, and William A. Dunn, Jr. Autophagy rates in the heart and liver are not affected by age in rats that eat what they want. It is increased by CR in old rats only in the heart, not in the liver.
"Apolipoprotein E Genotypic Frequencies Among Down Syndrome Patients Imply Early Unsuccessful Aging for ApoE4 Carriers" by Giusi I. Forte, Maria Piccione, Letizia Scola, Antonino Crivello, Cristina Galfano, Massimiliano M. Corsi, Martina Chiappelli, Giuseppina Candore, Mario Giuffrè, Roberto Verna, Federico Licastro, Giovanni Corsello, Calogero Caruso, and Domenico Lio. ApoE4 carriers go down as a proportion of the population at older ages (16% of people under 40, 13% of those in their 70s, and 4% of people over 90 in a study of 360 people). Down syndrome patients at 9% (106 DS average age 9). They use frequency difference between 5-year old DS people to those older to claim that DS is a good model of early aging.
"Dietary Intake of Elderly Living in Toronto Long-Term Care Facilities: Comparison to the Dietary Reference Intake" by Elaheh Aghdassi, Margaret McArthur, Barbara Liu, Alison McGeer, Andrew Simor, and Johane P. Allard. Old people in long term care facilities don't get a perfect diet, but not too bad either.
"Cytochrome c Oxidase Rather than Cytochrome c is a Major Determinant of Mitochondrial Respiratory Capacity in Skeletal Muscle of Aged Rats: Role of Carnitine and Lipoic Acid" by Jayavelu Tamilselvan, Kumarasamy Sivarajan, Muthuswamy Anusuyadevi, and Chinnakkannu Panneerselvam. I don't really understand much more than the title. They did experiments on naked mitochondria that had lost their cytochrome c and where bathing them in cytochrome c didn't recover their natural activity.
"A Model of Metabolic Changes in Respiration-Deficient Human Cells" by F. Mathias Bollmann. A model of how cells with damaged mitochondria survive long term through the combination of glycolysis and a 'partly reversed TCA cycle'. Needs to export succinate.
Following papers from the Edmonton aging symposium
"Mitochondria in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease" by P.J. Crouch, K. Cimdins, J.A. Duce, A.I. Bush, and I.A. Trounce. They postulate that mtDNA mutations are an important factor in amyloid beta production. They say amyloid beta accumulates in mitochondria in Alzheimered brains.
"Engineering Away Lysosomal Junk: Medical Bioremediation" by Bruce E. Rittmann and John Schloendorn. Strains of Nocardia (a bacteria) can degrade 7-ketocholesterol, although it's tricky to tell from the grammar of the sentence to what, or if it can be degraded without modifications. They have some analysis of the intermediate molecules in the degradation pathway.
"Therapeutic Ultrasound Applications in Craniofacial Growth, Healing and Tissue Engineering" by Tarek El-Bialy. Ultrasound being trialled/used to trigger/speed up bone formation/healing and dental formation. This paper claims to explain the molecular basis for this.
"Time, Damage, and Aging: What Really Matters?" by Huber R. Warner. Not sure.
"Nutrition as a Determinant of Successful Aging: Description of the Quebec Longitudinal Study NuAge and Results from Cross-Sectional Pilot Studies" by Pierrette Gaudreau, José A Morais, Bryna Shatenstein, Katherine Gray-Donald, Abdel Khalil, Isabelle Dionne, Guylaine Ferland, Tamàs Fülöp, Danielle Jacques, Marie-Jeanne Kergoat, Daniel Tessier, Richard Wagner, and Hélène Payette. Longitudinal study of 1800 >68 year olds tracking lots of variables. Hasn't finished yet, this is just the description.
"The Cancer–Aging Interface and the Significance of Telomere Dynamics in Cancer Therapy" by Gesche Tallen, Mohamed A. Soliman, and Karl Riabowol. Chemotherapy triggers faster cell regeneration in healthy tissue to compensate for lost cells. This leads to shorter telomeres, which could have some impact down the line.
"Loss of Muscle Strength During Aging Studied at the Gene Level" by Geoffrey Goldspink. Mechano-growth factor, an alternative splicing of IGF-1, increases muscle contractile strength by activating muscle satellite stem cells that do local muscle repair.
Wednesday, April 22, 2015
Issue 2, 2007
By the abstracts.
"Allotopic mRNA Localization to the Mitochondrial Surface Rescues Respiratory Chain Defects in Fibroblasts Harboring Mitochondrial DNA Mutations Affecting Complex I or V Subunits" by Crystel Bonnet, Valérie Kaltimbacher, Sami Ellouze, Sébastien Augustin, Paule Bénit, Valérie Forster, Pierre Rustin, José-Alain Sahel, and Marisol Corral-Debrinski. Another mitoSENS contribution like the one in issue 4 of 2006 by Bokori-Brown, this one claiming success in both getting the proteins to migrate to the mitochondria and them functioning as expected and rescuing cells with mtDNA mutations in their ATP6 and ND4 genes. They seem to be stressing the result for ATP6 so maybe the result for ND4 isn't as clear-cut. How many left out of the 13 then?
"Microsatellite Instability and Compromized Mismatch Repair Gene Expression During In Vitro Passaging of Monoclonal Human T Lymphocytes" by Simona Neri, Graham Pawelec, Andrea Facchini, and Erminia Mariani. I don't know enough about T-cells, mismatch repair or microsatellite instability to even understand what this study was about.
"The Olive Constituent Oleuropein Exhibits Proteasome Stimulatory Properties In Vitro and Confers Life Span Extension of Human Embryonic Fibroblasts" by Magda Katsiki, Niki Chondrogianni, Ioanna Chinou, A. Jennifer Rivett, and Efstathios S. Gonos. 15% is the claimed lifespan extension on fibroblasts.
"Oxidative Stress of Neural, Hematopoietic, and Stem Cells: Protection by Natural Compounds" by R. Douglas Shytle, Jared Ehrhart, Jun Tan, Jennifer Vila, Michael Cole, Cyndy D. Sanberg, Paul R. Sanberg, and Paula C. Bickford. Lower oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in some human cells in vitro when given some code-named natural compound.
"Examination of Cognitive Function During Six Months of Calorie Restriction: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial" by Corby K. Martin, Stephen D. Anton, Hongmei Han, Emily York-Crowe, Leanne M. Redman, Eric Ravussin, Donald A. Williamson, and for the Pennington CALERIE Team. Randomised controlled CR study on humans. These are rare. Checked to see if there was any cognitive impairment but found none. 12 people per group, so it would have had to have been a big effect to have been found, but still something.
"Oxidative DNA Damage Repair and parp 1 and parp 2 Expression in Epstein-Barr Virus-Immortalized B Lymphocyte Cells from Young Subjects, Old Subjects, and Centenarians" by Marta Chevanne, Corinne Calia, Michele Zampieri, Barbara Cecchinelli, Riccardo Caldini, Daniela Monti, Laura Bucci, Claudio Franceschi, and Paola Caiafa. They find some properties of B-cells in centenarians that resemble the properties found in young people and differ from old non-centenarians (sub-centenarians?). I never buy these ones.
"Mathematical Models for the Proliferation of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells in Clonogenic Culture" by Bao Feng Ma, Xiao Mei Liu, Ai Xia Zhang, Peng Wang, Xiu Ming Zhang, Shu Nong Li, Bruce T. Lahn, and Andy Peng Xiang. What it says on the title. Without access to the paper, can't tell anything about the model.
"Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption and Reactive Oxygen Species Production are Independently Modulated: Implications for Aging Studies" by Gustavo Barja. Claims that sometimes higher oxygen consumption means lower ROS production. eg aerobic exercise, chronic exercise, hyperthyroidism and dietary restriction. Also, that it is lower in long-lived birds than in mammals of the same size.
"Long-Term Low-Calorie Low-Protein Vegan Diet and Endurance Exercise are Associated with Low Cardiometabolic Risk" by Luigi Fontana, Timothy E. Meyer, Samuel Klein, and John O. Holloszy. Raw vegans and runners were healthier than normal people, all groups around 53 (11) years. Lower weight, plasma lipids, lipoproteins, glucose, C-reactive protein, blood pressure and carotid artery intima-mdedia thickness. Also, raw vegans had lower BP than runners.
In the first page of the now-seemingly-regular column surveying theses, there is a thesis looking at parental imprinting comparison in cattle between cloned and natural animals, and finding big variability among cloned animals, and differences from natural animals, especially mentioning IGF2.
"Allotopic mRNA Localization to the Mitochondrial Surface Rescues Respiratory Chain Defects in Fibroblasts Harboring Mitochondrial DNA Mutations Affecting Complex I or V Subunits" by Crystel Bonnet, Valérie Kaltimbacher, Sami Ellouze, Sébastien Augustin, Paule Bénit, Valérie Forster, Pierre Rustin, José-Alain Sahel, and Marisol Corral-Debrinski. Another mitoSENS contribution like the one in issue 4 of 2006 by Bokori-Brown, this one claiming success in both getting the proteins to migrate to the mitochondria and them functioning as expected and rescuing cells with mtDNA mutations in their ATP6 and ND4 genes. They seem to be stressing the result for ATP6 so maybe the result for ND4 isn't as clear-cut. How many left out of the 13 then?
"Microsatellite Instability and Compromized Mismatch Repair Gene Expression During In Vitro Passaging of Monoclonal Human T Lymphocytes" by Simona Neri, Graham Pawelec, Andrea Facchini, and Erminia Mariani. I don't know enough about T-cells, mismatch repair or microsatellite instability to even understand what this study was about.
"The Olive Constituent Oleuropein Exhibits Proteasome Stimulatory Properties In Vitro and Confers Life Span Extension of Human Embryonic Fibroblasts" by Magda Katsiki, Niki Chondrogianni, Ioanna Chinou, A. Jennifer Rivett, and Efstathios S. Gonos. 15% is the claimed lifespan extension on fibroblasts.
"Oxidative Stress of Neural, Hematopoietic, and Stem Cells: Protection by Natural Compounds" by R. Douglas Shytle, Jared Ehrhart, Jun Tan, Jennifer Vila, Michael Cole, Cyndy D. Sanberg, Paul R. Sanberg, and Paula C. Bickford. Lower oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in some human cells in vitro when given some code-named natural compound.
"Examination of Cognitive Function During Six Months of Calorie Restriction: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial" by Corby K. Martin, Stephen D. Anton, Hongmei Han, Emily York-Crowe, Leanne M. Redman, Eric Ravussin, Donald A. Williamson, and for the Pennington CALERIE Team. Randomised controlled CR study on humans. These are rare. Checked to see if there was any cognitive impairment but found none. 12 people per group, so it would have had to have been a big effect to have been found, but still something.
"Oxidative DNA Damage Repair and parp 1 and parp 2 Expression in Epstein-Barr Virus-Immortalized B Lymphocyte Cells from Young Subjects, Old Subjects, and Centenarians" by Marta Chevanne, Corinne Calia, Michele Zampieri, Barbara Cecchinelli, Riccardo Caldini, Daniela Monti, Laura Bucci, Claudio Franceschi, and Paola Caiafa. They find some properties of B-cells in centenarians that resemble the properties found in young people and differ from old non-centenarians (sub-centenarians?). I never buy these ones.
"Mathematical Models for the Proliferation of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells in Clonogenic Culture" by Bao Feng Ma, Xiao Mei Liu, Ai Xia Zhang, Peng Wang, Xiu Ming Zhang, Shu Nong Li, Bruce T. Lahn, and Andy Peng Xiang. What it says on the title. Without access to the paper, can't tell anything about the model.
"Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption and Reactive Oxygen Species Production are Independently Modulated: Implications for Aging Studies" by Gustavo Barja. Claims that sometimes higher oxygen consumption means lower ROS production. eg aerobic exercise, chronic exercise, hyperthyroidism and dietary restriction. Also, that it is lower in long-lived birds than in mammals of the same size.
"Long-Term Low-Calorie Low-Protein Vegan Diet and Endurance Exercise are Associated with Low Cardiometabolic Risk" by Luigi Fontana, Timothy E. Meyer, Samuel Klein, and John O. Holloszy. Raw vegans and runners were healthier than normal people, all groups around 53 (11) years. Lower weight, plasma lipids, lipoproteins, glucose, C-reactive protein, blood pressure and carotid artery intima-mdedia thickness. Also, raw vegans had lower BP than runners.
In the first page of the now-seemingly-regular column surveying theses, there is a thesis looking at parental imprinting comparison in cattle between cloned and natural animals, and finding big variability among cloned animals, and differences from natural animals, especially mentioning IGF2.
Friday, April 17, 2015
Issue 1, 2007
Back to not having access to the full text on this issue.
"Old Rhesus Macaques Treated with Interleukin-7 Show Increased TREC Levels And Respond Well to Influenza Vaccination" by Richard Aspinall, Jeffrey Pido-Lopez, Nesrina Imami, Sian M. Henson, Pa Tamba Ngom, Michel Morre, Henk Niphuis, Ed Remarque, Brigitte Rosenwirth, and Jonathan L. Heeney. What it says on the title. TREC are T-cell receptor excision circles, wikipedia tells me, which are small circles of DNA created during the time the T-cell spends in the thymus while creating the huge variety of receptors, and are a marker for mature T-cells. Old here is 18.5 to 23.9 years.
"A Novel Possible Approach to The Creation of Genetically Personalized Human Embryonic Stem-Like Cell Lines" by Wenqing Fu. Proposal for a technique to create tailored hESCs by repeatedly merging a generic line of hESCs with the target human's line, growing it to a blastocyst, pulling hESCs from that and repeating the process. I'd think the invention of iPSCs obviated the need for doing this.
"Correction of Proliferation And Drug Sensitivity Defects in The Progeroid Werner's Syndrome by Holliday Junction Resolution" by Ana M. Rodriguez-Lopez, Matthew C. Whitby, Christine M. Borer, Marcus A. Bachler, and Lynne S. Cox. They insert a bacterial enzyme that removes Holliday junctions from Werner's syndrome cells. The cells do better afterwards.
"Impaired Mononuclear Cell Immune Function in Extreme Obesity Is Corrected by Weight Loss" by Luigi Fontana, J. Christopher Eagon, Marco Colonna, and Samuel Klein. Very small study on six extremely fat people. They had very low production of two immune-system stimulating factors. Losing 30% of their weight fixed that. The whys for the low immune system stimulation and recovery seem not to be known.
"Reactive Oxygen Species, Isotope Effect, Essential Nutrients, and Enhanced Longevity" by Mikhail S. Shchepinov. Change the carbons and hydrogens to heavier isotopes than normal to slow down ROS reaction and therefore live longer.
"Evidence That Aging And Amyloid Promote Microglial Cell Senescence" by Barry E. Flanary, Nicole W. Sammons, Cuong Nguyen, Douglas Walker, and Wolfgang J. Streit. Shorter telomeres in human microglia when demented. Shorter telomeres and lower telomerase activation in rat microglia with aging. Microglia dystrophy in demented and amyloidal humans compared to non-demented non-amyloidal.
"Cumulative Index of Elderly Disorders And Its Dynamic Contribution to Mortality And Longevity" by Anatoli I. Yashin, Konstantin G. Arbeev, Alexander Kulminski, Igor Akushevich, Lucy Akushevich, and Svetlana V. Ukraintseva. An absolute and relative risk function of age that I think I need to see to understand.
"Cellular Therapy Using Microglial Cells" by John Schloendorn, Sebastian Sethe, and Alexandra Stolzing. Sounds like a theoretical paper on what we could do to keep microglia functioning properly and also improve their function by inserting proteases from other species into precursors that can then cross the blood-brain barrier. Might have to look for it.
There's a summary of PhD dissertations there that would be interesting to see too.
"Old Rhesus Macaques Treated with Interleukin-7 Show Increased TREC Levels And Respond Well to Influenza Vaccination" by Richard Aspinall, Jeffrey Pido-Lopez, Nesrina Imami, Sian M. Henson, Pa Tamba Ngom, Michel Morre, Henk Niphuis, Ed Remarque, Brigitte Rosenwirth, and Jonathan L. Heeney. What it says on the title. TREC are T-cell receptor excision circles, wikipedia tells me, which are small circles of DNA created during the time the T-cell spends in the thymus while creating the huge variety of receptors, and are a marker for mature T-cells. Old here is 18.5 to 23.9 years.
"A Novel Possible Approach to The Creation of Genetically Personalized Human Embryonic Stem-Like Cell Lines" by Wenqing Fu. Proposal for a technique to create tailored hESCs by repeatedly merging a generic line of hESCs with the target human's line, growing it to a blastocyst, pulling hESCs from that and repeating the process. I'd think the invention of iPSCs obviated the need for doing this.
"Correction of Proliferation And Drug Sensitivity Defects in The Progeroid Werner's Syndrome by Holliday Junction Resolution" by Ana M. Rodriguez-Lopez, Matthew C. Whitby, Christine M. Borer, Marcus A. Bachler, and Lynne S. Cox. They insert a bacterial enzyme that removes Holliday junctions from Werner's syndrome cells. The cells do better afterwards.
"Impaired Mononuclear Cell Immune Function in Extreme Obesity Is Corrected by Weight Loss" by Luigi Fontana, J. Christopher Eagon, Marco Colonna, and Samuel Klein. Very small study on six extremely fat people. They had very low production of two immune-system stimulating factors. Losing 30% of their weight fixed that. The whys for the low immune system stimulation and recovery seem not to be known.
"Reactive Oxygen Species, Isotope Effect, Essential Nutrients, and Enhanced Longevity" by Mikhail S. Shchepinov. Change the carbons and hydrogens to heavier isotopes than normal to slow down ROS reaction and therefore live longer.
"Evidence That Aging And Amyloid Promote Microglial Cell Senescence" by Barry E. Flanary, Nicole W. Sammons, Cuong Nguyen, Douglas Walker, and Wolfgang J. Streit. Shorter telomeres in human microglia when demented. Shorter telomeres and lower telomerase activation in rat microglia with aging. Microglia dystrophy in demented and amyloidal humans compared to non-demented non-amyloidal.
"Cumulative Index of Elderly Disorders And Its Dynamic Contribution to Mortality And Longevity" by Anatoli I. Yashin, Konstantin G. Arbeev, Alexander Kulminski, Igor Akushevich, Lucy Akushevich, and Svetlana V. Ukraintseva. An absolute and relative risk function of age that I think I need to see to understand.
"Cellular Therapy Using Microglial Cells" by John Schloendorn, Sebastian Sethe, and Alexandra Stolzing. Sounds like a theoretical paper on what we could do to keep microglia functioning properly and also improve their function by inserting proteases from other species into precursors that can then cross the blood-brain barrier. Might have to look for it.
There's a summary of PhD dissertations there that would be interesting to see too.
Issue 4, 2006
For some reason, this issue is free so I can read any articles I feel interested in, but since I don't really have any time to read papers, I will stick mostly to the abstracts.
There is a series of comment articles that are followups to the Special Interest Group on Societal Implications of Anti-Aging Research at the the 2005 Gerontology Society of America's conference discussing the usual SENS vs nonSENS.
"Site-Specific Integration into the Human Genome: Ready for Clinical Application?". A commentary piece on the possibilities of practical use of adeno-associated virus (AAV) for clinical gene insertion. AAV can insert its genome into a specific part of chromosome 19 (AAVS1), but it can only carry a very small payload. To enlarge the payload it's usually used without the site-specific integration gene (Rep) which ruins the reason for using AAV in the first place. What was new work at the time was a development of a hybrid between the herpes simplex virus and AAD to keep the site-specific integration while enlarging the payload and not overdoing the Rep expression which otherwise causes problems. Article says it isn't good enough for the clinic yet because the site-specificity isn't good enough (70%) and because of low efficiency of gene transfer which they claim to be 20% for stable cell lines (my problem here is that I don't know what the efficiency means. That 20% of the cells get the gene inserted into them sounds like the most likely meaning).
"Mitochondrial Transfer Between Eukaryotic Animal Cells and Its Physiologic Role". Another commentary piece on a paper that appeared in PNAS reporting the rescue of cells grown without mtDNA when grown among normal human skin fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. By rescue, they mean that after a while, the sans-mtDNA cells appear to acquire functional mitochondrial and they multiply as normal. The commentary is on the mechanism of mitochondrial transfer and on whether the usual function of mitotransfer is that good mitochondria flow from good cells to bad cells or the reverse, the first one as an analogy to entropy, the second seeing mitochondria as selfish agents. The author prefers the first option.
"Expression of Algal Nuclear ATP Synthase Subunit 6 in Human Cells Results in Protein Targeting to Mitochondria but No Assembly into ATP Synthase" by M Bokori-Brown and IJ Holt. Very interesting and thorough attempt at introducing a version of the human subunit a (A6) of ATP synthase gene into a human cell's nuclear DNA. They tried many versions and the one that targeted to the mitochondria best was a version from an algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) that is naturally in the nDNA, with various hybrids working less well. The problem is that the better the protein was targetted, the worse the cell did. Some more imagery shows that the protein doesn't colocalise with the ATP synthase on the mitochondria, so it's just gunking up the mitochondria, not doing anything useful.
"Erythrocyte Plasma Membrane Redox System in Human Aging" by SI Rizvi, R Jha and PK Maurya. Correlation of 0.78 between the level of export of electrons by red blood cells through the plasma membrane redox system, and age in 80 people. Similar inverse correlation between plasma antioxidant capacity and age.
"Selegiline Induces Neuronal Phenotype and Neurotrophins Expression in Embryonic Stem Cells" by F Esmaeili, T Tiraihi, M Movahedin and SJ Mowla. What the title says.
"VEGF Gene and Phenotype Relation with Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment" by M Chiappelli, B Borroni, S Archetti, E Calabrese, MM Corsi, M Franceschi, A Padovani and F Licastro. Link between a variant in the vascular enthelial growth factor (VEGF) gene promoter and Alzheimer's and mild cognitive impairment in a study of about 1000 people total. AA variant were 1.6 times more common than expected among AD. Also deteriorated fast 6 times more often if they had an ApoE4 allele. AA variant had more VEGF in circulation.
There is a series of comment articles that are followups to the Special Interest Group on Societal Implications of Anti-Aging Research at the the 2005 Gerontology Society of America's conference discussing the usual SENS vs nonSENS.
"Site-Specific Integration into the Human Genome: Ready for Clinical Application?". A commentary piece on the possibilities of practical use of adeno-associated virus (AAV) for clinical gene insertion. AAV can insert its genome into a specific part of chromosome 19 (AAVS1), but it can only carry a very small payload. To enlarge the payload it's usually used without the site-specific integration gene (Rep) which ruins the reason for using AAV in the first place. What was new work at the time was a development of a hybrid between the herpes simplex virus and AAD to keep the site-specific integration while enlarging the payload and not overdoing the Rep expression which otherwise causes problems. Article says it isn't good enough for the clinic yet because the site-specificity isn't good enough (70%) and because of low efficiency of gene transfer which they claim to be 20% for stable cell lines (my problem here is that I don't know what the efficiency means. That 20% of the cells get the gene inserted into them sounds like the most likely meaning).
"Mitochondrial Transfer Between Eukaryotic Animal Cells and Its Physiologic Role". Another commentary piece on a paper that appeared in PNAS reporting the rescue of cells grown without mtDNA when grown among normal human skin fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. By rescue, they mean that after a while, the sans-mtDNA cells appear to acquire functional mitochondrial and they multiply as normal. The commentary is on the mechanism of mitochondrial transfer and on whether the usual function of mitotransfer is that good mitochondria flow from good cells to bad cells or the reverse, the first one as an analogy to entropy, the second seeing mitochondria as selfish agents. The author prefers the first option.
"Expression of Algal Nuclear ATP Synthase Subunit 6 in Human Cells Results in Protein Targeting to Mitochondria but No Assembly into ATP Synthase" by M Bokori-Brown and IJ Holt. Very interesting and thorough attempt at introducing a version of the human subunit a (A6) of ATP synthase gene into a human cell's nuclear DNA. They tried many versions and the one that targeted to the mitochondria best was a version from an algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) that is naturally in the nDNA, with various hybrids working less well. The problem is that the better the protein was targetted, the worse the cell did. Some more imagery shows that the protein doesn't colocalise with the ATP synthase on the mitochondria, so it's just gunking up the mitochondria, not doing anything useful.
"Erythrocyte Plasma Membrane Redox System in Human Aging" by SI Rizvi, R Jha and PK Maurya. Correlation of 0.78 between the level of export of electrons by red blood cells through the plasma membrane redox system, and age in 80 people. Similar inverse correlation between plasma antioxidant capacity and age.
"Selegiline Induces Neuronal Phenotype and Neurotrophins Expression in Embryonic Stem Cells" by F Esmaeili, T Tiraihi, M Movahedin and SJ Mowla. What the title says.
"VEGF Gene and Phenotype Relation with Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment" by M Chiappelli, B Borroni, S Archetti, E Calabrese, MM Corsi, M Franceschi, A Padovani and F Licastro. Link between a variant in the vascular enthelial growth factor (VEGF) gene promoter and Alzheimer's and mild cognitive impairment in a study of about 1000 people total. AA variant were 1.6 times more common than expected among AD. Also deteriorated fast 6 times more often if they had an ApoE4 allele. AA variant had more VEGF in circulation.
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