By the abstracts:
"Ascorbate Recycling by Erythrocytes During Aging in Humans" by Syed Ibrahim Rizvi, Kanti Bhooshan Pandey, Rashmi Jha, and Pawan Kumar Maurya. Red blood cells contain ascorbate free radical (AFR) reductase (I had no idea about this). They have higher activity with age and this activity is correlated with plasma membrane redox system activity (I don't understand what activity means here. I thought red blood cells didn't have a nucleus, so it can't be upregulated, can it?). They say it's to compensate and keep a good level of vitamin C in the plasma.
"Increased Plasma Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Levels Predict Mortality in Elderly Patients with Chronic Heart Failure" by Davide Bolignano, Giorgio Basile, Pina Parisi, Giuseppe Coppolino, Giacomo Nicocia, and Michele Buemi. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin is some cytokine. NGAL > 783 ng/mL had 4 times higher mortality in 2-year followup of 46 people with CHF. Levels in non-CHF people much lower (38).
"Lysophosphatidylcholine Enhances Oxidative Stress Via the 5-Lipoxygenase Pathway in Rat Aorta During Aging" by Yani Zou, Dae Hyun Kim, Kyung Jin Jung, Hyoung-Sam Heo, Chul Hong Kim, Hyung Suk Baik, Byung Pal Yu, Takako Yokozawa, and Hae Young Chung. What the title says.
"Plasma Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Age-Related Physical Performance Decline" by Angela M. Abbatecola, Antonio Cherubini, Jack M. Guralnik, Cristina Andres Lacueva, Carmelinda Ruggiero, Marcello Maggio, Stefania Bandinelli, Giuseppe Paolisso, and Luigi Ferrucci. 330 old people. Higher PUFA, n-3 PUFA and n-6 PUFA associated with higher leg functionality. Lots of other fishy-sounding correlations quoted, all pushing for higher PUFA and higher n-3/n-6 ratio.
"Survival in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration and Related Disorders: Latent Class Predictors and Brain Functional Correlates" by B. Borroni, M. Grassi, C. Agosti, E. Premi, A. Alberici, B. Paghera, S. Lucchini, M. Di Luca, D. Perani, and A. Padovani. Use of a mixture model to predict mortality of dementia patients.
"Unexpected Regeneration in Middle-Aged Mice" by Brandon Reines, Lily I. Cheng, and Polly Matzinger. Full text available for this one. They claim, with pictures, that the standard B6 and BALB/c mice regenerate their ears after getting them hole-punched too, not just the MRL mice that had become famous for it earlier. The difference is that they need to be middle-aged for it to work, it doesn't work when the hole-punching is done when young, like with the MRL strain. They think the regeneration happens in all strains once the mice reach a certain size. In the process, they develop a better hole-puncher and a quicker hole-size measuring system. Very strange that this was never noticed before.
The first page of de Grey's review of theses looks at one which studies the use of the phiC31 integrase as a gene transfer mechanism. It targets this site which has lots of instances on mammalian genomes, and they also demonstrate retargetting through directed evolution. Sounds promising (but CRISPR).
Wednesday, February 24, 2016
Friday, January 29, 2016
Issue 6, 2008
By the abstracts:
"Long-Term Treatment with a Chinese Herbal Formula, Sheng-Mai-San, Improves Cardiac Contractile Function in Aged Rats: The Role of Ca2+ Homeostasis" by Guang-Qin Zhang, Hui Wang, Wen-Tao Liu, Hang Dong, Wang-Fun Fong, Li-Min Tang, Yun-Hua Xiong, Zhi-Ling Yu, and Kam-Ming Ko. Tracks changes to calcium ion-related properties in old rat heart cells when given Sheng-Mai-Yin.
"Age-Dependent Signature of Metallothionein Expression in Primary CD4 T Cell Responses Is Due to Sustained Zinc Signaling" by Won-Woo Lee, Dapeng Cui, Marta Czesnikiewicz-Guzik, Ricardo Z.N. Vencio, Ilya Shmulevich, Alan Aderem, Cornelia M. Weyand, and Jörg J. Goronzy. Transcriptome analysis of CD4 T cells in 60-75 year olds. Sustained upregulation of zinc-binding metallothioneins after stimulation for longer period than they are upregulated for in young adults.
"Over-Expression of Heat Shock Protein 70 in Mice Is Associated with Growth Retardation, Tumor Formation, and Early Death" by Valerie Vanhooren, Xue-En Liu, Liesbeth Desmyter, Ye-Dong Fan, Lieve Vanwalleghem, Wim Van Molle, Sylviane Dewaele, Marleen Praet, Roland Contreras, Claude Libert, and Cuiying Chen. Mice genetically modified to overexpress HSP70 have lower weight (growth retardation), 50% lower concentrations of IGF-1, lower expression of glucocorticoid receptors in their livers and caspase-9 expression, higher levels of corticosterone and Bcl-2 expression (anti-apoptotic). I'd have thought most of these would have been good for lifespan, but no, they die at 18 months from tumours. Interesting. Paper is available.
"Enhanced Recovery from Contraction-Induced Damage in Skeletal Muscles of Old Mice Following Treatment with the Heat Shock Protein Inducer 17-(Allylamino)-17-Demethoxygeldanamycin" by Anna C. Kayani, Graeme L. Close, Caroline S. Broome, Malcolm J. Jackson, and Anne McArdle. Better recovery from exercise-induced damage to muscle in old mice when given a HSP70-inducer (84% vs 48% of pre-damage contractile force at 28 days). HSP70 bit over 2x higher. Full article available.
"Effect of Aging on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, proBDNF, and Their Receptors in the Hippocampus of Lou/C Rats" by M. Silhol, S. Arancibia, D. Perrin, T. Maurice, J. Alliot, and L. Tapia-Arancibia. Lou/C rats have better memory capacity than Wistar rats when old. Transcriptional analysis shows higher proBDNF in Lou/C, but decreased with age in contrast with Wistar. Also, lower decrease in TrkB.FL (proBDNF receptor), and no change in other proBDNF receptors in contrast with increases in Wistar.
"Weight Increase Is Associated with Skeletal Muscle Immunostaining for Advanced Glycation End Products, Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products, and Oxidation Injury" by Maria Pia de la Maza, Jaime Uribarri, Daniela Olivares, Sandra Hirsch, Laura Leiva, Gladys Barrera, and Daniel Bunout. Immunostaining of caboxymethyl-lysine (CML, an AGE), and receptors of AGE (RAGE) from tissue taken from 10 middle-aged non-weight-gainers, 7 weight-gainers and 4 old people. CML and RAGE vs weight and age at r=0.84 (dunno how they combined the two).
"Engineered Repeated Electromagnetic Field Shock Therapy for Cellular Senescence and Age-Related Diseases" by Felipe P. Perez, Ximing Zhou, Jorge Morisaki, John Ilie, Todd James, and Donald A. Jurivich. They shock cells (?) and that upregulates HSR/HSF1 pathway. Temporarily reverses senescence and delays it in young cells.
de Grey's commentary on a thesis series topic: part of the differentiation mechanism from hESCs to mature neurons.
"Long-Term Treatment with a Chinese Herbal Formula, Sheng-Mai-San, Improves Cardiac Contractile Function in Aged Rats: The Role of Ca2+ Homeostasis" by Guang-Qin Zhang, Hui Wang, Wen-Tao Liu, Hang Dong, Wang-Fun Fong, Li-Min Tang, Yun-Hua Xiong, Zhi-Ling Yu, and Kam-Ming Ko. Tracks changes to calcium ion-related properties in old rat heart cells when given Sheng-Mai-Yin.
"Age-Dependent Signature of Metallothionein Expression in Primary CD4 T Cell Responses Is Due to Sustained Zinc Signaling" by Won-Woo Lee, Dapeng Cui, Marta Czesnikiewicz-Guzik, Ricardo Z.N. Vencio, Ilya Shmulevich, Alan Aderem, Cornelia M. Weyand, and Jörg J. Goronzy. Transcriptome analysis of CD4 T cells in 60-75 year olds. Sustained upregulation of zinc-binding metallothioneins after stimulation for longer period than they are upregulated for in young adults.
"Over-Expression of Heat Shock Protein 70 in Mice Is Associated with Growth Retardation, Tumor Formation, and Early Death" by Valerie Vanhooren, Xue-En Liu, Liesbeth Desmyter, Ye-Dong Fan, Lieve Vanwalleghem, Wim Van Molle, Sylviane Dewaele, Marleen Praet, Roland Contreras, Claude Libert, and Cuiying Chen. Mice genetically modified to overexpress HSP70 have lower weight (growth retardation), 50% lower concentrations of IGF-1, lower expression of glucocorticoid receptors in their livers and caspase-9 expression, higher levels of corticosterone and Bcl-2 expression (anti-apoptotic). I'd have thought most of these would have been good for lifespan, but no, they die at 18 months from tumours. Interesting. Paper is available.
"Enhanced Recovery from Contraction-Induced Damage in Skeletal Muscles of Old Mice Following Treatment with the Heat Shock Protein Inducer 17-(Allylamino)-17-Demethoxygeldanamycin" by Anna C. Kayani, Graeme L. Close, Caroline S. Broome, Malcolm J. Jackson, and Anne McArdle. Better recovery from exercise-induced damage to muscle in old mice when given a HSP70-inducer (84% vs 48% of pre-damage contractile force at 28 days). HSP70 bit over 2x higher. Full article available.
"Effect of Aging on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, proBDNF, and Their Receptors in the Hippocampus of Lou/C Rats" by M. Silhol, S. Arancibia, D. Perrin, T. Maurice, J. Alliot, and L. Tapia-Arancibia. Lou/C rats have better memory capacity than Wistar rats when old. Transcriptional analysis shows higher proBDNF in Lou/C, but decreased with age in contrast with Wistar. Also, lower decrease in TrkB.FL (proBDNF receptor), and no change in other proBDNF receptors in contrast with increases in Wistar.
"Weight Increase Is Associated with Skeletal Muscle Immunostaining for Advanced Glycation End Products, Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products, and Oxidation Injury" by Maria Pia de la Maza, Jaime Uribarri, Daniela Olivares, Sandra Hirsch, Laura Leiva, Gladys Barrera, and Daniel Bunout. Immunostaining of caboxymethyl-lysine (CML, an AGE), and receptors of AGE (RAGE) from tissue taken from 10 middle-aged non-weight-gainers, 7 weight-gainers and 4 old people. CML and RAGE vs weight and age at r=0.84 (dunno how they combined the two).
"Engineered Repeated Electromagnetic Field Shock Therapy for Cellular Senescence and Age-Related Diseases" by Felipe P. Perez, Ximing Zhou, Jorge Morisaki, John Ilie, Todd James, and Donald A. Jurivich. They shock cells (?) and that upregulates HSR/HSF1 pathway. Temporarily reverses senescence and delays it in young cells.
de Grey's commentary on a thesis series topic: part of the differentiation mechanism from hESCs to mature neurons.
Saturday, November 28, 2015
Issue 5, 2008
Switched to six issues per year in 2008.
This issue was wasted on me due to me not knowing even the basics about the immune system.
By the abstracts:
"Aluminum Modulates Effects of βAmyloid1–42 on Neuronal Calcium Homeostasis and Mitochondria Functioning and Is Altered in a Triple Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease" by Denise Drago, Alessandra Cavaliere, Nicola Mascetra, Domenico Ciavardelli, Carmine Di Ilio, Paolo Zatta, and Stefano L. Sensi. What the title says. By altered, they mean increased in their cortex.
"Aging and Neutrophils: There Is Still Much To Do" by Carl F. Fortin, Patrick P. McDonald, Olivier Lesur, and Tàmàs Fülöp, Jr. Hypothesises about how aging affects the release of immune mediators by neutrophils, and how that links with Alzheimer's, atherosclerosis, cancer and autoimmune diseases.
"Differential Expression of Lysyl Oxidases LOXL1 and LOX During Growth and Aging Suggests Specific Roles in Elastin and Collagen Fiber Remodeling in Rat Aorta" by Jacques Behmoaras, Séverin Slove, Sophie Seve, Roger Vranckx, Pascal Sommer, and Marie-Paule Jacob. LOX goes down in adult rats while LOXL1 was maintained in LOU rats, but reduced in Brown Norway rats.
"Blueberry Opposes β-Amyloid Peptide-Induced Microglial Activation Via Inhibition of p44/42 Mitogen-Activation Protein Kinase" by Yuyan Zhu, Paula C. Bickford, Paul Sanberg, Brian Giunta, and Jun Tan. What the title says, in mice.
"Age-Dependent Spatial Memory Loss Can Be Partially Restored by Immune Activation" by N. Ron-Harel, Y. Segev, G.M. Lewitus, M. Cardon, Y. Ziv, D. Netanely, J. Jacob-Hirsch, N. Amariglio, G. Rechavi, E. Domany, and M. Schwartz. Hammering immune system fucks up spatial memory in young mice and homeostatic-driven proliferation (dunno what that phrase means. They removed some of their T-cells to let it expand its other types of T-cells?) of lymphocytes in old mice restores their spatial memory. Igf1, Syt10 and Cplx2 genes involed.
"Extensive Amplification of Human Regulatory T Cells Alters Their Functional Capacities and Targets Them to the Periphery" by Gunter Rappl, Annette Schmidt, Cornelia Mauch, Andreas A. Hombach, and Hinrich Abken. Details of Treg-cell life cycle for which I have nothing to grab onto.
"Melatonin Prevents Age-Related Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Rat Brain Via Cardiolipin Protection" by Giuseppe Petrosillo, Patrizia Fattoretti, Mariagiuseppa Matera, Francesca M. Ruggiero, Carlo Bertoni-Freddari, and Giuseppe Paradies. Melatonin prevented the age-related changes in complex 1 activity, rates of state 3 respiration (ADP-stimulated respiration google says), mitochondrion H2O2 production, membrane potential, and normal and oxidised cardiolipin content of mitochondria in rat brains.
"Improvement of Aging-Associated Cardiovascular Dysfunction by the Orally Administered Copper(II)-Aspirinate Complex" by Tamás Radovits, Domokos Gerö, Li-ni Lin, Sivakkanan Loganathan, Torsten Hoppe-Tichy, Csaba Szabó, Matthias Karck, Hiromu Sakurai, and Gábor Szabó. Some measurements of heart function across age in rats and their partial prevention by copper(II)-aspirinate.
"Effect of Lactobacillus paracasei NCC2461 on Antigen-Specific T-Cell Mediated Immune Responses in Aged Mice" by Karine Vidal, Jalil Benyacoub, Mireille Moser, J. Sanchez-Garcia, Patrick Serrant, Iris Segura-Roggero, Gloria Reuteler, and Stephanie Blum. No measurements of immune system components changed, but response increased. FOS/inulin made no difference.
The thesis-review section looks (at least) at a study of the growth and use of cardiac progenitor cells extracted from adult humans, grown into cardiosphere-derived cells, then inserted into mice with induced myocardial infarctions and seeing how they went. They supposedly did better than other types of cells in maintaining left ventricular function and reducing left ventricular remodelling.
This issue was wasted on me due to me not knowing even the basics about the immune system.
By the abstracts:
"Aluminum Modulates Effects of βAmyloid1–42 on Neuronal Calcium Homeostasis and Mitochondria Functioning and Is Altered in a Triple Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease" by Denise Drago, Alessandra Cavaliere, Nicola Mascetra, Domenico Ciavardelli, Carmine Di Ilio, Paolo Zatta, and Stefano L. Sensi. What the title says. By altered, they mean increased in their cortex.
"Aging and Neutrophils: There Is Still Much To Do" by Carl F. Fortin, Patrick P. McDonald, Olivier Lesur, and Tàmàs Fülöp, Jr. Hypothesises about how aging affects the release of immune mediators by neutrophils, and how that links with Alzheimer's, atherosclerosis, cancer and autoimmune diseases.
"Differential Expression of Lysyl Oxidases LOXL1 and LOX During Growth and Aging Suggests Specific Roles in Elastin and Collagen Fiber Remodeling in Rat Aorta" by Jacques Behmoaras, Séverin Slove, Sophie Seve, Roger Vranckx, Pascal Sommer, and Marie-Paule Jacob. LOX goes down in adult rats while LOXL1 was maintained in LOU rats, but reduced in Brown Norway rats.
"Blueberry Opposes β-Amyloid Peptide-Induced Microglial Activation Via Inhibition of p44/42 Mitogen-Activation Protein Kinase" by Yuyan Zhu, Paula C. Bickford, Paul Sanberg, Brian Giunta, and Jun Tan. What the title says, in mice.
"Age-Dependent Spatial Memory Loss Can Be Partially Restored by Immune Activation" by N. Ron-Harel, Y. Segev, G.M. Lewitus, M. Cardon, Y. Ziv, D. Netanely, J. Jacob-Hirsch, N. Amariglio, G. Rechavi, E. Domany, and M. Schwartz. Hammering immune system fucks up spatial memory in young mice and homeostatic-driven proliferation (dunno what that phrase means. They removed some of their T-cells to let it expand its other types of T-cells?) of lymphocytes in old mice restores their spatial memory. Igf1, Syt10 and Cplx2 genes involed.
"Extensive Amplification of Human Regulatory T Cells Alters Their Functional Capacities and Targets Them to the Periphery" by Gunter Rappl, Annette Schmidt, Cornelia Mauch, Andreas A. Hombach, and Hinrich Abken. Details of Treg-cell life cycle for which I have nothing to grab onto.
"Melatonin Prevents Age-Related Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Rat Brain Via Cardiolipin Protection" by Giuseppe Petrosillo, Patrizia Fattoretti, Mariagiuseppa Matera, Francesca M. Ruggiero, Carlo Bertoni-Freddari, and Giuseppe Paradies. Melatonin prevented the age-related changes in complex 1 activity, rates of state 3 respiration (ADP-stimulated respiration google says), mitochondrion H2O2 production, membrane potential, and normal and oxidised cardiolipin content of mitochondria in rat brains.
"Improvement of Aging-Associated Cardiovascular Dysfunction by the Orally Administered Copper(II)-Aspirinate Complex" by Tamás Radovits, Domokos Gerö, Li-ni Lin, Sivakkanan Loganathan, Torsten Hoppe-Tichy, Csaba Szabó, Matthias Karck, Hiromu Sakurai, and Gábor Szabó. Some measurements of heart function across age in rats and their partial prevention by copper(II)-aspirinate.
"Effect of Lactobacillus paracasei NCC2461 on Antigen-Specific T-Cell Mediated Immune Responses in Aged Mice" by Karine Vidal, Jalil Benyacoub, Mireille Moser, J. Sanchez-Garcia, Patrick Serrant, Iris Segura-Roggero, Gloria Reuteler, and Stephanie Blum. No measurements of immune system components changed, but response increased. FOS/inulin made no difference.
The thesis-review section looks (at least) at a study of the growth and use of cardiac progenitor cells extracted from adult humans, grown into cardiosphere-derived cells, then inserted into mice with induced myocardial infarctions and seeing how they went. They supposedly did better than other types of cells in maintaining left ventricular function and reducing left ventricular remodelling.
Tuesday, November 3, 2015
Issue 4, 2008
By the abstracts:
"Exercise-Induced Activation of STAT3 Signaling Is Increased with Age" by Marissa K. Trenerry, Kate A. Carey, Alister C. Ward, Michelle M. Farnfield, and David Cameron-Smith. STAT3 gets massively pumped in old people following exercise, more than young people (11 20-year olds vs 10 67-year olds). Downstream mRNA also pumped, but SOCS3 protein suppressed. This might mean something to people more familiar with those genes. They say it might impact muscle repair and regeneration.
"Deficiency of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Reduces Sensitivity to Aging-Associated Cardiomyocyte Dysfunction" by Qun Li, Asli F. Ceylan-Isik, Ji Li, and Jun Ren. Whole bunch of physiological and gene expression changes to hearts in old mice. Mice with liver IGF-1 deficiency had attenuated changes. They also had lower FOXO3a expression and were glucose intolerant, same effects as aging.
"Identifying the Genes and Genetic Interrelationships Underlying the Impact of Calorie Restriction on Maximum Lifespan: An Artificial Intelligence-Based Approach" by Ben Goertzel, Cassio Pennachin, Maurício de Alvarenga Mudado, and Lúcio de Souza Coelho. Analysis of three mouse CR studies and validated on a fourth suggest that Mrpl12, Uqcrh and Snip1 are important to the effects of CR on life extension.
"Host Cell Mobilization for In Situ Tissue Regeneration" by Sang Jin Lee, Mark Van Dyke, Anthony Atala, and James J. Yoo. Measurements of host cells infiltrations in common biomaterial put into mice: not altogether inflammatory. Infiltrating cells can differentiate into osteogenic, myogenic, adipogenic and endothelial lineages, given the correct conditions.
"Identifying the Changes in Gene Profiles Regulating the Amelioration of Age-Related Oxidative Damages in Kidney Tissue of Rats by the Intervention of Adult-Onset Calorie Restriction" by Jie Chen, Chidambaram Natesa Velalar, and Runsheng Ruan. 1-year old rats. CR decreased lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in kidneys, maybe from a drop in plasminogen activation inhibition-1 and clusterin, and increase of kallikrein mRNA. Inflammatory response down. Fatty acid synthesis, mitochondrial fatty acid beatoxidation, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis up. All in kidneys, and CR as compared with controls.
"Cryopreservation of Whole Murine and Porcine Livers" by Zohar Gavish, Menachem Ben-Haim, and Amir Arav. Frozen rat and pig livers, dunno for how long or at what temperature. Thawed and transplanted in, produced bile and had blood flow. They say 80% viability. Used "directional solidification apparatus". Hadn't heard of this result, sounds useful.
"Preliminary Evidence that VEGF Genetic Variability Confers Susceptibility to Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration" by B. Borroni, S. Ghezzi, C. Agosti, S. Archetti, C. Fenoglio, D. Galimberti, E. Scarpini, M. Di Luca, N. Bresolin, G.P. Comi, A. Padovani, and R. Del Bo. 30-50% of FTLD have positive family history. This study compared 216 controls with 161 FTLDs, finds differences distribution of SNPs in VEGF gene promoter region.
"Lysophosphatidic Acid and Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitor Increase Proliferation of Senescent Human Diploid Fibroblasts by Inhibiting Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase" by Ji-Heon Rhim, Ik-Soon Jang, Kye-Yong Song, Moon-Kyung Ha, Sung-Chun Cho, Eui-Ju Yeo, and Sang Chul Park. What the title says through inhibition of the catalytic activity of AMPKalpha and p53.
"Long-Term Effects of Caloric Restriction or Exercise on DNA and RNA Oxidation Levels in White Blood Cells and Urine in Humans" by Tim Hofer, Luigi Fontana, Stephen D. Anton, Edward P. Weiss, Dennis Villareal, Bhaskar Malayappan, and Christiaan Leeuwenburgh. 9 50something year olds on 20% CR and 9 50something year olds on 20% (energy deficity through) exercise. After a year, big drop in DNA and RNA oxidation in white blood cells but no changes in either in urine.
"Aging, Stem Cells, and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin: A Prospect of Pharmacologic Rejuvenation of Aging Stem Cells" by Mikhail V. Blagosklonny. Hypothesises that insensitivity of stem cells to activating stimuli is partly due to hyperactivation of TOR, so suggests rapamycin would rejuvenate stem cells. Wouldn't mind seeing his reasoning/evidence.
"Clinical Outcome and Mechanism of Soft Tissue Calcification in Werner Syndrome" by Satoshi Honjo, Koutaro Yokote, Masaki Fujimoto, Minoru Takemoto, Kazuki Kobayashi, Yoshiro Maezawa, Tatsushi Shimoyama, Seiya Satoh, Masaya Koshizaka, Aki Takada, Hiroki Irisuna, and Yasushi Saito. WS people have calcifications in the skin near joints, probably produced by overexpression of Pit-1.
"Carnisone Increases Efficiency of DOPA Therapy of Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Study" by Alexander Boldyrev, Tatiana Fedorova, Maria Stepanova, Irina Dobrotvorskaya, Eugenia Kozlova, Natalia Boldanova, Gulbakhar Bagyeva, Irina Ivanova-Smolenskaya, and Serguey Illarioshkin. From the abstract, it seems like it was meant to say carnosine. Added to standard treatment for Parkinson's, seemed to do better.
"Comparative Value of Medical Diagnosis Versus Physical Functioning in Predicting the 6-Year Survival of 1951 Hospitalized Old Patients" by Emilia Frangos Lordos, François R. Herrmann, Jean-Marie Robine, Mireille Balahoczky, Sandra V. Giannelli, Gabriel Gold, and Jean-Pierre Michel. First page available instead of the abstract. 6-year study. First page doesn't get to the numbers but says that functional status is most important. Sounds like a good one.
The first thesis reviewed is called "Unravelling Tissue Regeneration Using Chemical Genetics" by Lijoy Mathew. Seems to be a study of some of the mechanisms of inhibition of regeneration of the zebrafish caudal fin. Glucocorticoids inhibit is all I understood.
"Exercise-Induced Activation of STAT3 Signaling Is Increased with Age" by Marissa K. Trenerry, Kate A. Carey, Alister C. Ward, Michelle M. Farnfield, and David Cameron-Smith. STAT3 gets massively pumped in old people following exercise, more than young people (11 20-year olds vs 10 67-year olds). Downstream mRNA also pumped, but SOCS3 protein suppressed. This might mean something to people more familiar with those genes. They say it might impact muscle repair and regeneration.
"Deficiency of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Reduces Sensitivity to Aging-Associated Cardiomyocyte Dysfunction" by Qun Li, Asli F. Ceylan-Isik, Ji Li, and Jun Ren. Whole bunch of physiological and gene expression changes to hearts in old mice. Mice with liver IGF-1 deficiency had attenuated changes. They also had lower FOXO3a expression and were glucose intolerant, same effects as aging.
"Identifying the Genes and Genetic Interrelationships Underlying the Impact of Calorie Restriction on Maximum Lifespan: An Artificial Intelligence-Based Approach" by Ben Goertzel, Cassio Pennachin, Maurício de Alvarenga Mudado, and Lúcio de Souza Coelho. Analysis of three mouse CR studies and validated on a fourth suggest that Mrpl12, Uqcrh and Snip1 are important to the effects of CR on life extension.
"Host Cell Mobilization for In Situ Tissue Regeneration" by Sang Jin Lee, Mark Van Dyke, Anthony Atala, and James J. Yoo. Measurements of host cells infiltrations in common biomaterial put into mice: not altogether inflammatory. Infiltrating cells can differentiate into osteogenic, myogenic, adipogenic and endothelial lineages, given the correct conditions.
"Identifying the Changes in Gene Profiles Regulating the Amelioration of Age-Related Oxidative Damages in Kidney Tissue of Rats by the Intervention of Adult-Onset Calorie Restriction" by Jie Chen, Chidambaram Natesa Velalar, and Runsheng Ruan. 1-year old rats. CR decreased lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in kidneys, maybe from a drop in plasminogen activation inhibition-1 and clusterin, and increase of kallikrein mRNA. Inflammatory response down. Fatty acid synthesis, mitochondrial fatty acid beatoxidation, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis up. All in kidneys, and CR as compared with controls.
"Cryopreservation of Whole Murine and Porcine Livers" by Zohar Gavish, Menachem Ben-Haim, and Amir Arav. Frozen rat and pig livers, dunno for how long or at what temperature. Thawed and transplanted in, produced bile and had blood flow. They say 80% viability. Used "directional solidification apparatus". Hadn't heard of this result, sounds useful.
"Preliminary Evidence that VEGF Genetic Variability Confers Susceptibility to Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration" by B. Borroni, S. Ghezzi, C. Agosti, S. Archetti, C. Fenoglio, D. Galimberti, E. Scarpini, M. Di Luca, N. Bresolin, G.P. Comi, A. Padovani, and R. Del Bo. 30-50% of FTLD have positive family history. This study compared 216 controls with 161 FTLDs, finds differences distribution of SNPs in VEGF gene promoter region.
"Lysophosphatidic Acid and Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitor Increase Proliferation of Senescent Human Diploid Fibroblasts by Inhibiting Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase" by Ji-Heon Rhim, Ik-Soon Jang, Kye-Yong Song, Moon-Kyung Ha, Sung-Chun Cho, Eui-Ju Yeo, and Sang Chul Park. What the title says through inhibition of the catalytic activity of AMPKalpha and p53.
"Long-Term Effects of Caloric Restriction or Exercise on DNA and RNA Oxidation Levels in White Blood Cells and Urine in Humans" by Tim Hofer, Luigi Fontana, Stephen D. Anton, Edward P. Weiss, Dennis Villareal, Bhaskar Malayappan, and Christiaan Leeuwenburgh. 9 50something year olds on 20% CR and 9 50something year olds on 20% (energy deficity through) exercise. After a year, big drop in DNA and RNA oxidation in white blood cells but no changes in either in urine.
"Aging, Stem Cells, and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin: A Prospect of Pharmacologic Rejuvenation of Aging Stem Cells" by Mikhail V. Blagosklonny. Hypothesises that insensitivity of stem cells to activating stimuli is partly due to hyperactivation of TOR, so suggests rapamycin would rejuvenate stem cells. Wouldn't mind seeing his reasoning/evidence.
"Clinical Outcome and Mechanism of Soft Tissue Calcification in Werner Syndrome" by Satoshi Honjo, Koutaro Yokote, Masaki Fujimoto, Minoru Takemoto, Kazuki Kobayashi, Yoshiro Maezawa, Tatsushi Shimoyama, Seiya Satoh, Masaya Koshizaka, Aki Takada, Hiroki Irisuna, and Yasushi Saito. WS people have calcifications in the skin near joints, probably produced by overexpression of Pit-1.
"Carnisone Increases Efficiency of DOPA Therapy of Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Study" by Alexander Boldyrev, Tatiana Fedorova, Maria Stepanova, Irina Dobrotvorskaya, Eugenia Kozlova, Natalia Boldanova, Gulbakhar Bagyeva, Irina Ivanova-Smolenskaya, and Serguey Illarioshkin. From the abstract, it seems like it was meant to say carnosine. Added to standard treatment for Parkinson's, seemed to do better.
"Comparative Value of Medical Diagnosis Versus Physical Functioning in Predicting the 6-Year Survival of 1951 Hospitalized Old Patients" by Emilia Frangos Lordos, François R. Herrmann, Jean-Marie Robine, Mireille Balahoczky, Sandra V. Giannelli, Gabriel Gold, and Jean-Pierre Michel. First page available instead of the abstract. 6-year study. First page doesn't get to the numbers but says that functional status is most important. Sounds like a good one.
The first thesis reviewed is called "Unravelling Tissue Regeneration Using Chemical Genetics" by Lijoy Mathew. Seems to be a study of some of the mechanisms of inhibition of regeneration of the zebrafish caudal fin. Glucocorticoids inhibit is all I understood.
Tuesday, September 22, 2015
Issue 3, 2008
By the abstracts:
"CD7− T Cells are Late Memory Cells Generated from CD7+ T Cells" by Gunter Rappl, David Schrama, Andreas Hombach, Eva Katharina Meuer, Annette Schmidt, Jürgen C. Becker, and Hinrich Abken. Details of immune system about which I understand practically nothing. For the record, they say CD7- cells are T cells in late memory cell development, have a high activation threshold, low effector capacities and high sensitivity to activation-induced cell death.
"Carotenoids as Protection Against Disability in Older Persons" by Fulvio Lauretani, Richard D. Semba, Stefania Bandinelli, Margaret Dayhoff-Brannigan, Fabrizio Lauretani, Anna Maria Corsi, Jack M. Guralnik, and Luigi Ferrucci. Measured plasma carotenoids in 928 >65 year olds, as supposed proxy of fruit and vegetable intake. Higher carotenoid correlated with higher walking speed at original measurement, higher speed at remeasurement 6 years later and lower likelihood of becoming unable to walk (all the odd ratios around 0.5).
"Altered Expression of Mismatch Repair Proteins Associated with Acquisition of Microsatellite Instability in a Clonal Model of Human T Lymphocyte Aging" by Simona Neri, Graham Pawelec, Andrea Facchini, Cinzia Ferrari, and Erminia Mariani. T-cell clones in vitro that develop microsatellite instability have disregulated expression of mismatch repair proteins. Those that don't don't.
"Homeostatic Cytokines and Expansion of Regulatory T Cells Accompany Thymic Impairment in Children with Down Syndrome" by Erika Roat, Nicole Prada, Enrico Lugli, Milena Nasi, Roberta Ferraresi, Leonarda Troiano, Chiara Giovenzana, Marcello Pinti, Ornella Biagioni, Mauro Mariotti, Angelo Di Iorio, Ugo Consolo, Fiorella Balli, and Andrea Cossarizza. Kids with Down syndrome have very different immunological profiles from control kids.
"Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Structural Changes in a Pedigree of Asymptomatic Progranulin Mutation Carriers" by B. Borroni, A. Alberici, E. Premi, S. Archetti, V. Garibotto, C. Agosti, R. Gasparotti, M. Di Luca, D. Perani, and A. Padovani. Measurements of differences and non-differences in brain areas between controls, asymptomatic carriers of progranulin mutations with family history of frontotemporal lobar degeneration and people with family history of FTLD but no progranulin mutation.
"Caloric Restriction Retards the Age-Related Decline in Mitochondrial Function of Brown Adipose Tissue" by Adamo Valle, Rocío Guevara, Francisco José García-Palmer, Pilar Roca, and Jordi Oliver. The english in this one isn't very clear: they compared 2-year old 40% CR rats with 2-year old and 6-month old controls: lower brown adipose tissue (BAT) "size with respect to fat content and adipocyte number" (ratio?). Higher mtDNA content in CR > old control > young control. CR BAT slowed decline of total and mt protein, COX activity and uncoupling capacity. They think CR prevents decline in mt function, probably due to lower decline in mt biogenesis.
"Caloric Restriction But Not Exercise-Induced Reductions in Fat Mass Decrease Plasma Triiodothyronine Concentrations: A Randomized Controlled Trial" by Edward P. Weiss, Dennis T. Villareal, Susan B. Racette, Karen Steger-May, Bhartur N. Premachandra, Samuel Klein, and Luigi Fontana. What the title says. 18 CR, 17 exercise, 9 controls. 50-60 year olds. No change in TSH, T4 and FT4. Decent weight changes in CR and exercise.
"Mitochondrial DNA Mutations May Contribute to Aging Via Cell Death Caused by Peptides that Induce Cytochrome c Release" by Steven J. Dubec, Rajeev Aurora, and H. Peter Zassenhaus. Biochemical evidence saying that mtDNA mutations generate a peptide that causes release of cytochrome c. Simulations from that to age-related mtDNA mutations causing significant levels of cell death. Also, mice with shitty proofreading version of poly gamma in the heart develop cardiomyopathy.
"Effect of Every Other Day Feeding on Mitochondrial Free Radical Production and Oxidative Stress in Mouse Liver" by Pilar Caro, José Gómez, Mónica López-Torres, Inés Sánchez, Alba Naudi, Manuel Portero-Otín, Reinald Pamplona, and Gustavo Barja. EOD feeding of mice lowered free radical leakeage from complex 1 but not complex 3 of liver mt. Also lowered mtDNA oxidative marker, protein oxidation, glycoxidation and lipoxidation, apoptosis inducing factor, PGC1-alpha and UCP2.
"Ketogenic Diets Cause Opposing Changes in Synaptic Morphology in CA1 Hippocampus and Dentate Gyrus of Late-Adult Rats" by Marta Balietti, Belinda Giorgetti, Patrizia Fattoretti, Yessica Grossi, Giuseppina Di Stefano, Tiziana Casoli, Daniela Platano, Moreno Solazzi, Fiorenza Orlando, Giorgio Aicardi, and Carlo Bertoni-Freddari. Brain stuff. Bad effects from fat-producing diets in hippocampal CA1, good in dentate gyrus. In mice.
"Creatine Supplementation Augments Skeletal Muscle Carnosine Content in Senescence-Accelerated Mice (SAMP8)" by Wim Derave, Glenys Jones, Peter Hespel, and Roger C. Harris. Accelerated-aging mice had drops in muscle content of carnosine, anserine, taurine and total creatine. Creatine supplementation raised it compared to controls while young but not when old.
"Regulating the Age-Related Oxidative Damage, Mitochondrial Integrity, and Antioxidative Enzyme Activity in Fischer 344 Rats by Supplementation of the Antioxidant Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate" by Qingying Meng, Chidambaram Natesa Velalar, and Runsheng Ruan. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate aka EGCG is the main catechin in tea. High EGCG doses had lower DNA-oxidation marker and better mt potential in lymphocytes and lower deletion of ND4 region in mtDNA in the liver. In rats.
"L-Cysteine Influx in Erythrocytes as a Function of Human Age" by Syed Ibrahim Rizvi and Pawan Kumar Maurya. Red-blood cells from old people suspended in L-cysteine solution absorb less L-cysteine than red blood cells from young people.
Some leftovers from SENS3 that probably didn't fit in the previous issue:
"Genetic Susceptibility Sets for Alzheimer's Disease Identified from Diverse Candidate Loci" by Elizabeth H. Corder, Kaj Blennow, and Jonathan A. Prince. Fancy statistical analysis of GWAS plus physiological measures for detecting sets of features that lead to high risk of AD. 938 AD patients and 397 controls. Sounds interesting, need to understand details.
"Senescence Induces a Proangiogenic Switch in Human Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells" by Krzysztof Ksiazek, Achim Jörres, and Janusz Witowski. What the title says. They think this is why cancers metastise to the peritoneum when old.
Commentaries:
"On Methionine Restriction, Suppression of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Aging" by Alan R. Hipkiss. Gives possible mechanisms by which methionine restriction might be beneficial: lower protein synthesis leading to lower mutant proteins. Ligher work for proteases so they can deal with post-translational problems. Alteration of protein folding (how?), increased lysosomal proteolysis, autophagy of mt and mitogenesis. May decrease SAM => decrease in O6-methylguanine, also might affect gene silencing.
A look at a thesis by Tamuna Chadashvili that looks at neural stem cell generation in rats. Seems to have found another region of generation aside from measuring a whole bunch of correlates with generation.
"CD7− T Cells are Late Memory Cells Generated from CD7+ T Cells" by Gunter Rappl, David Schrama, Andreas Hombach, Eva Katharina Meuer, Annette Schmidt, Jürgen C. Becker, and Hinrich Abken. Details of immune system about which I understand practically nothing. For the record, they say CD7- cells are T cells in late memory cell development, have a high activation threshold, low effector capacities and high sensitivity to activation-induced cell death.
"Carotenoids as Protection Against Disability in Older Persons" by Fulvio Lauretani, Richard D. Semba, Stefania Bandinelli, Margaret Dayhoff-Brannigan, Fabrizio Lauretani, Anna Maria Corsi, Jack M. Guralnik, and Luigi Ferrucci. Measured plasma carotenoids in 928 >65 year olds, as supposed proxy of fruit and vegetable intake. Higher carotenoid correlated with higher walking speed at original measurement, higher speed at remeasurement 6 years later and lower likelihood of becoming unable to walk (all the odd ratios around 0.5).
"Altered Expression of Mismatch Repair Proteins Associated with Acquisition of Microsatellite Instability in a Clonal Model of Human T Lymphocyte Aging" by Simona Neri, Graham Pawelec, Andrea Facchini, Cinzia Ferrari, and Erminia Mariani. T-cell clones in vitro that develop microsatellite instability have disregulated expression of mismatch repair proteins. Those that don't don't.
"Homeostatic Cytokines and Expansion of Regulatory T Cells Accompany Thymic Impairment in Children with Down Syndrome" by Erika Roat, Nicole Prada, Enrico Lugli, Milena Nasi, Roberta Ferraresi, Leonarda Troiano, Chiara Giovenzana, Marcello Pinti, Ornella Biagioni, Mauro Mariotti, Angelo Di Iorio, Ugo Consolo, Fiorella Balli, and Andrea Cossarizza. Kids with Down syndrome have very different immunological profiles from control kids.
"Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Structural Changes in a Pedigree of Asymptomatic Progranulin Mutation Carriers" by B. Borroni, A. Alberici, E. Premi, S. Archetti, V. Garibotto, C. Agosti, R. Gasparotti, M. Di Luca, D. Perani, and A. Padovani. Measurements of differences and non-differences in brain areas between controls, asymptomatic carriers of progranulin mutations with family history of frontotemporal lobar degeneration and people with family history of FTLD but no progranulin mutation.
"Caloric Restriction Retards the Age-Related Decline in Mitochondrial Function of Brown Adipose Tissue" by Adamo Valle, Rocío Guevara, Francisco José García-Palmer, Pilar Roca, and Jordi Oliver. The english in this one isn't very clear: they compared 2-year old 40% CR rats with 2-year old and 6-month old controls: lower brown adipose tissue (BAT) "size with respect to fat content and adipocyte number" (ratio?). Higher mtDNA content in CR > old control > young control. CR BAT slowed decline of total and mt protein, COX activity and uncoupling capacity. They think CR prevents decline in mt function, probably due to lower decline in mt biogenesis.
"Caloric Restriction But Not Exercise-Induced Reductions in Fat Mass Decrease Plasma Triiodothyronine Concentrations: A Randomized Controlled Trial" by Edward P. Weiss, Dennis T. Villareal, Susan B. Racette, Karen Steger-May, Bhartur N. Premachandra, Samuel Klein, and Luigi Fontana. What the title says. 18 CR, 17 exercise, 9 controls. 50-60 year olds. No change in TSH, T4 and FT4. Decent weight changes in CR and exercise.
"Mitochondrial DNA Mutations May Contribute to Aging Via Cell Death Caused by Peptides that Induce Cytochrome c Release" by Steven J. Dubec, Rajeev Aurora, and H. Peter Zassenhaus. Biochemical evidence saying that mtDNA mutations generate a peptide that causes release of cytochrome c. Simulations from that to age-related mtDNA mutations causing significant levels of cell death. Also, mice with shitty proofreading version of poly gamma in the heart develop cardiomyopathy.
"Effect of Every Other Day Feeding on Mitochondrial Free Radical Production and Oxidative Stress in Mouse Liver" by Pilar Caro, José Gómez, Mónica López-Torres, Inés Sánchez, Alba Naudi, Manuel Portero-Otín, Reinald Pamplona, and Gustavo Barja. EOD feeding of mice lowered free radical leakeage from complex 1 but not complex 3 of liver mt. Also lowered mtDNA oxidative marker, protein oxidation, glycoxidation and lipoxidation, apoptosis inducing factor, PGC1-alpha and UCP2.
"Ketogenic Diets Cause Opposing Changes in Synaptic Morphology in CA1 Hippocampus and Dentate Gyrus of Late-Adult Rats" by Marta Balietti, Belinda Giorgetti, Patrizia Fattoretti, Yessica Grossi, Giuseppina Di Stefano, Tiziana Casoli, Daniela Platano, Moreno Solazzi, Fiorenza Orlando, Giorgio Aicardi, and Carlo Bertoni-Freddari. Brain stuff. Bad effects from fat-producing diets in hippocampal CA1, good in dentate gyrus. In mice.
"Creatine Supplementation Augments Skeletal Muscle Carnosine Content in Senescence-Accelerated Mice (SAMP8)" by Wim Derave, Glenys Jones, Peter Hespel, and Roger C. Harris. Accelerated-aging mice had drops in muscle content of carnosine, anserine, taurine and total creatine. Creatine supplementation raised it compared to controls while young but not when old.
"Regulating the Age-Related Oxidative Damage, Mitochondrial Integrity, and Antioxidative Enzyme Activity in Fischer 344 Rats by Supplementation of the Antioxidant Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate" by Qingying Meng, Chidambaram Natesa Velalar, and Runsheng Ruan. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate aka EGCG is the main catechin in tea. High EGCG doses had lower DNA-oxidation marker and better mt potential in lymphocytes and lower deletion of ND4 region in mtDNA in the liver. In rats.
"L-Cysteine Influx in Erythrocytes as a Function of Human Age" by Syed Ibrahim Rizvi and Pawan Kumar Maurya. Red-blood cells from old people suspended in L-cysteine solution absorb less L-cysteine than red blood cells from young people.
Some leftovers from SENS3 that probably didn't fit in the previous issue:
"Genetic Susceptibility Sets for Alzheimer's Disease Identified from Diverse Candidate Loci" by Elizabeth H. Corder, Kaj Blennow, and Jonathan A. Prince. Fancy statistical analysis of GWAS plus physiological measures for detecting sets of features that lead to high risk of AD. 938 AD patients and 397 controls. Sounds interesting, need to understand details.
"Senescence Induces a Proangiogenic Switch in Human Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells" by Krzysztof Ksiazek, Achim Jörres, and Janusz Witowski. What the title says. They think this is why cancers metastise to the peritoneum when old.
Commentaries:
"On Methionine Restriction, Suppression of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Aging" by Alan R. Hipkiss. Gives possible mechanisms by which methionine restriction might be beneficial: lower protein synthesis leading to lower mutant proteins. Ligher work for proteases so they can deal with post-translational problems. Alteration of protein folding (how?), increased lysosomal proteolysis, autophagy of mt and mitogenesis. May decrease SAM => decrease in O6-methylguanine, also might affect gene silencing.
A look at a thesis by Tamuna Chadashvili that looks at neural stem cell generation in rats. Seems to have found another region of generation aside from measuring a whole bunch of correlates with generation.
Sunday, September 20, 2015
Issue 2, 2008
This seems to be the SENS-3 conference proceedings report. Very few interesting ones.
By the abstracts, and by the sections they are under:
Cardiovascular disease
"Age-Specific Modulation of Genes Involved in Lipid and Cholesterol Homeostasis by Dietary Zinc" by Dawn J. Mazzatti, Eugenio Mocchegiani, and Jonathan R. Powell. The abstract doesn't say any more than the title.
"Modulation of Genes Involved in Zinc Homeostasis in Old Low-Grade Atherosclerotic Patients Under Effects of HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors" by Laura Costarelli, Elisa Muti, Marco Malavolta, Robertina Giacconi, Catia Cipriano, Davide Sartini, Monica Emanuelli, Mauro Silvestrini, Leandro Provinciali, Beatrice Gobbi, and Eugenio Mocchegiani. Beyond me. Something about zinc signalling in specific immune cells.
"TLR2 and Age-Related Diseases: Potential Effects of Arg753Gln and Arg677Trp Polymorphisms in Acute Myocardial Infarction" by Carmela Rita Balistreri, Guiseppina Candore, Monica Mirabile, Domenico Lio, Gregorio Caimi, Egle Incalcaterra, Marco Caruso, Enrico Hoffmann, and Calogero Caruso. No association between those two polymorphisms and MI.
"A Novel Zip2 Gln/Arg/Leu Codon 2 Polymorphism Is Associated with Carotid Artery Disease in Aging" by Robertina Giacconi, Elisa Muti, Marco Malavolta, Maurizio Cardelli, Sara Pierpaoli, Catia Cipriano, Laura Costarelli, Silvia Tesei, Vittorio Saba, and Eugenio Mocchegiani. Patients with carotid stenosis have more GG and less TT in codon 2 of the hZIP2 gene than controls.
Neurodegeneration
"DNA Vaccine Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease: Present Status and Future Direction" by Yoshio Okura and Yoh Matsumoto. Review of vaccine therapies for Alzheimer's and positive data about non-viral DNA vaccine experiments on mice.
"Decreased Presence of Perforated Synapses in a Triple-Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease" by Carlo Bertoni-Freddari, Stefano L. Sensi, Belinda Giorgetti, Marta Balietti, Giuseppina Di Stefano, Lorella M.T. Canzoniero, Tiziana Casoli, and Patrizia Fattoretti. Comparison of the brains of an Alzheimer's mouse model with controls.
"An Ultrasensitive Assay for Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease" by Susanne Aileen Funke, Eva Birkmann, Franziska Henke, Philipp Görtz, Christian Lange-Asschenfeldt, Detlev Riesner, and Dieter Willbold. Test for amyloid beta using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (no idea). Correlations between those measurements and clinical AD symptoms. (Did this become accepted? Sounds very useful)
"Alzheimer's Disease-Like Changes in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infected Cells: The Case for Antiviral Therapy" by Ruth F. Itzhaki and Matthew A. Wozniak. Investigates link between HSV1 infection in the brain and AD, with APOE variants acting as modulators, possibly due to competitive binding of HSV1 entry into cell.
"Cerebral Amyloid-Beta Protein Accumulation with Aging in Cotton-Top Tamarins: A Model of Early Alzheimer's Disease?" by Cynthia A. Lemere, Jiwon Oh, Heather A. Stanish, Ying Peng, Imelda Pepivani, Anne M. Fagan, Haruyasu Yamaguchi, Susan V. Westmoreland, and Keith G. Mansfield. Cotton-top tamarins have amyloid beta plaques.
"Long-Term Visual Object Recognition Memory in Aged Rats" by Daniela Platano, Patrizia Fattoretti, Marta Balietti, Carlo Bertoni-Freddari, and Giorgio Aicardi. They developed a long term (24 hours) memory test that old rats can perform. Supposedly, none was reported before. Interesting also that number of rat-turds is used as a measurement of anxiety.
"Synaptic Remodeling in Hippocampal CA1 Region of Aged Rats Correlates with Better Memory Performance in Passive Avoidance Test" by Daniela Platano, Patrizia Fattoretti, Marta Balietti, Belinda Giorgetti, Tiziana Casoli, Giuseppina Di Stefano, Carlo Bertoni-Freddari, and Giorgio Aicardi. Density of synapses and mitochondria was higher and mitochondrial volume was lower in the rat CA1 hippocampal region 9 hours compared to 6 hours after a memory training exercise in rats that learnt well.
"Immunological Approaches for Amyloid-beta Clearance Toward Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease" by Beka Solomon. Seems to be a review of vaccines against amyloid-beta, but hard to tell.
"A Highly Sensitive Diagnostic Assay for Aggregate-Related Diseases, Including Prion Diseases and Alzheimer's Disease" by Eva Birkmann, Franziska Henke, Susanne Aileen Funke, Oliver Bannach, Detlev Riesner, and Dieter Willbold. Another ultra-sensitive test of protein aggregates by the same group as the one above. This time using surface-fluorescence intensity distribution analysis (and again, no idea).
"Aggregation and Amyloid Fibril Formation of the Prion Protein Is Accelerated in the Presence of Glycogen" by Giannantonio Panza, Jan Stöhr, Eva Birkmann, Detlev Riesner, Dieter Willbold, Otto Baba, Tatsuo Terashima, and Christian Dumpitak. Prion and prion fibril formation is accelerated by the presence of glycogen.
Stem cells
"Characterizing Endothelial Cells Derived from the Murine Embryonic Stem Cell Line CCE" by Fardin Fathi, Abbas Jafari Kermani, Leila Pirmoradi, Seyed Javad Mowla, and Takayuki Asahara. Description of a process to generate endothelial cells from mice ESCs, and characterisation of the generated cells.
"Characterization and Genetic Manipulation of Human Umbilical Cord Vein Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Potential Application in Cell-Based Gene Therapy" by Abbas Jafari Kermani, Fardin Fathi, and Seyed Javad Mowla. Isolation and characterisation of gene expression and surface markers of human umbilical cord vein mesenchymal stem cells. They also electroporated green fluorescent protein and brain-derived neurotrophic factor genes in and got them expressed.
Mitochondria and Oxidative Damage
"Selective Decline of the Metabolic Competence of Oversized Synaptic Mitochondria in the Old Monkey Cerebellum" by Carlo Bertoni-Freddari, Marta Balietti, Belinda Giorgetti, Yessica Grossi, Tiziana Casoli, Giuseppina Di Stefano, Gemma Perretta, and Patrizia Fattoretti. Numeric density, volume density, average volume and average length of mitochondria in the cortex wasn't different between adult and old crab-eating macaques. What was different was the ratio of COX cytochemical precipitate to area of the mitochondrion, which declined, but only in large mitochondria. They take that ratio to be a proxy for mitochondrial metabolic competence.
"Oxidative Stress in Patients with Acute Heart Failure" by Jean-Christophe Charniot, Noëlle Vignat, Jean-Paul Albertini, Vera Bogdanova, Khaled Zerhouni, Jean-Jacques Monsuez, Alain Legrand, Jean-Yves Artigou, and Dominique Bonnefont-Rousselot. Ten people with dilated cardiomyopathy. Higher thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and lower total antioxidant status (TAS), especially when they had arrythmias. Normal alpha-tocopherol, vitamin A and beta-carotene. TBARS and TAS returned to normal once patients returned to stable conditions.
"Anti-Inflammatory Senescence Actives 5203-L Molecule to Promote Healthy Aging and Prolongation of Lifespan" by Jean-François Bisson, Chantal Menut, and Patrizia d'Alessio. The monoterpene AISA 5203-L reverses replicative senescence of human vascular endothelial cells and mellows stress according to some tests. Focus seems to be on medium-stress inducing disease. Hippy vibe but maybe I'm misreading.
"Do Mitochondrial DNA and Metabolic Rate Complement Each Other in Determination of the Mammalian Maximum Longevity?" by Gilad Lehmann, Elena Segal, Khachik K. Muradian, and Vadim E. Fraifeld. GC content of mtDNA together with resting metabolic rate can explain 77% of the variation in maximum lifespan in a study of 140 mammalian species. Maybe interesting.
"Zinc, Metallothioneins, Longevity: Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Antioxidant Response: A Zincage Study" by Eugenio Mocchegiani and The Zincage Consortium. Something about zinc, clusterin, PARP-1 MSR-A, methallothioneins and IL-6. Not sure what.
Immunosenescence
"Immunosenescence and Anti-Immunosenescence Therapies: The Case of Probiotics" by Giuseppina Candore, Carmela Rita Balistreri, Giuseppina Colonna-Romano, Maria Paola Grimaldi, Domenico Lio, Florinda Listi', Letizia Scola, Sonya Vasto, and Calogero Caruso. Possible strategies to defend against thymic involution, domination by memory T-cell and chronic inflammation through probiotics.
"B Cell Immunosenescence in the Elderly and in Centenarians" by Giuseppina Colonna-Romano, Matteo Bulati, Alessandra Aquino, Salvatore Vitello, Domenico Lio, Giuseppina Candore, and Calogero Caruso. B-cells in old people don't respond to new pathogens.
Intracellular Aggregates
"Can Lipofuscin Accumulation Be Prevented?" by Tino Kurz. Reducing intralysosomal iron reduces oxidative stress which could reduce lipofuscin formation. Wants to try pulse doses of iron chelators to see.
"Accumulating Insoluble Protein and Rate of Aging" by Anund Hallén. Thinks there's a link between the exponential form of the Gompertz law with the logarithmic space available to macromolecules in cells due to the formation of a polymer network in the cell which stops the macromolecules/colloids from moving through the cell.
Cell senescence
"Role of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell Senescence" by Christoph Muck, Lucia Micutkova, Werner Zwerschke, and Pidder Jansen-Durr. IGFBP-3 transfection induces apoptosis and senescence in HUVEC. Knockdown by shRNA doesn't revert that.
"Metallothionein Downregulation in Very Old Age: A Phenomenon Associated with Cellular Senescence?" by Marco Malavolta, Catia Cipriano, Laura Costarelli, Robertina Giacconi, Silvia Tesei, Elisa Muti, Francesco Piacenza, Sara Pierpaoli, Annis Larbi, Graham Pawelec, George Dedoussis, George Herbein, Daniela Monti, Jolanta Jajte, Lothar Rink, and Eugenio Mocchegiani. MT proteins decrease in the very old, independent of zinc intake. Age-dependent zinc changes also happen in CD4+ T cells in vitro and peripheral blood mononuclear cells ex-vivo. They follow this with a "thus" old age problems might be partially attributable to diminished cell proliferation, implying that the above is related to cell proliferation.
"Repeat Mild Heat Shock Increases Dermal Fibroblast Activity and Collagen Production" by Andrew E. Mayes and Caroline D. Holyoak. What the title says, in cells from a 12, 22 and 65 year olds.
Nutrient Sensing
"Relationship Between Calorie Restriction and the Biological Clock: Lessons from Long-Lived Transgenic Mice" by Oren Froy, Nava Chapnik, and Ruth Miskin. alpha-MUPA mice eat 20% less and live 20% longer. They have high amplitude, appropriately reset circadian rhythms in clock gene expression, and circadian behaviours. (I'm not sure what that means. That the sun resets the gene expression rhythm quickly?) They say that since CR resets circadian rhythm, maybe that's a mediator of the longevity extension.
"Enhancing Longevity: Novel Caloric Restriction Mimetics" by Alexander E. Michalow. No abstract. First page didn't get to the point.
Psychological, Political, and Social Context
"Zinc in Elderly People: Effects of Zinc Supplementation on Psychological Dimensions in Dependence of IL-6 -174 Polymorphism: A Zincage Study" by Fiorella Marcellini, Cinzia Giuli, Roberta Papa, Cristina Gagliardi, George Dedoussis, Daniela Monti, Jolanta Jajte, Robertina Giacconi, Marco Malavolta, and Eugenio Mocchegiani. Looked at zinc intake combined with 174-polymorphism in IL-6 in old people. Improved perceived stress but not results of mini-mental state examination or geriatric depression scale.
"Making the Political Case for Biogerontology Funding: A View from the Trenches" by Huber R. Warner. Funding.
General
"Have We Reached the Point for In Vivo Rejuvenation?" by Amir Abramovich, Khachik K. Muradian, and Vadim E. Fraifeld. Wants to try de-differentiation and re-differentiation in vivo. Hints at iPSCs. Was waiting for this to pop up.
"Scientific Justification of Cryonics Practice" by Benjamin P. Best. Open access but not reading. I suspect I'm familiar with the arguments, don't need to be convinced.
"Youth Maintenance and Postponing Human Aging in Reality" by Ülo Kristjuhan. Nothing concrete in abstract (not intended), but vaguely how to accelerate the life extension currently happening.
"Role of Environmental and Genetic Factor Interaction in Age-Related Disease Development: The Gastric Cancer Paradigm" by Giusi Irma Forte, Cinzia Calà, Letizia Scola, Antonino Crivello, Arianna Gullo, Lorenzo Marasà, Antonio Giacalone, Celestino Bonura, Calogero Caruso, Domenico Lio, and Anna Giammanco. The 511T-variant of IL-1 beta is associated with an increased risk of chronic gastritis.
'“Accelerating Aging” Chemotherapy on Aged Animals: Protective Effect from Nutraceutical Modulation' by Francesco Marotta, Masatoshi Harada, Emilio Minelli, Suzanne K. Ono-Nita, and Paulo Marandola. Denshichi-Tochiu-Sen recovered macrophage chemotaxis, function and concentration and some other things on mice given chemotherapy.
"Muscular Metabolism in Aged Rats Under Exhaustive Exercise: Effect of a Modified Alkaline Supplementation" by Francesco Marotta, De Hua Chui, Aldo Lorenzetti, Flavia Fayet, Tsin Liu, and Paolo Marandola. They added modified alkalizing supplementation (MAS) to some rats running them to exhaustion. Exercise increased lactic acid and creatin-phosphokinase, and dropped muscle glycogen. MAS group had bigger succinate dehydrogenase and acetylcarinitine increases.
"Genetic Polymorphisms and Human Aging: Association Studies Deliver" by David Melzer. GWAS found polymorphisms in INK4a/INK4b and CDKN2a/b genes in p16/p15 locus linked with differences in physical function in old people. Later GWAS studying type 2 diabetes and MI confirms importance of this locus.
"Making SENSE: Strategies for Engineering Negligible Senescence Evolutionarily" by Michael R. Rose. Treat aging through evolutionary means. Rose-ish content.
By the abstracts, and by the sections they are under:
Cardiovascular disease
"Age-Specific Modulation of Genes Involved in Lipid and Cholesterol Homeostasis by Dietary Zinc" by Dawn J. Mazzatti, Eugenio Mocchegiani, and Jonathan R. Powell. The abstract doesn't say any more than the title.
"Modulation of Genes Involved in Zinc Homeostasis in Old Low-Grade Atherosclerotic Patients Under Effects of HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors" by Laura Costarelli, Elisa Muti, Marco Malavolta, Robertina Giacconi, Catia Cipriano, Davide Sartini, Monica Emanuelli, Mauro Silvestrini, Leandro Provinciali, Beatrice Gobbi, and Eugenio Mocchegiani. Beyond me. Something about zinc signalling in specific immune cells.
"TLR2 and Age-Related Diseases: Potential Effects of Arg753Gln and Arg677Trp Polymorphisms in Acute Myocardial Infarction" by Carmela Rita Balistreri, Guiseppina Candore, Monica Mirabile, Domenico Lio, Gregorio Caimi, Egle Incalcaterra, Marco Caruso, Enrico Hoffmann, and Calogero Caruso. No association between those two polymorphisms and MI.
"A Novel Zip2 Gln/Arg/Leu Codon 2 Polymorphism Is Associated with Carotid Artery Disease in Aging" by Robertina Giacconi, Elisa Muti, Marco Malavolta, Maurizio Cardelli, Sara Pierpaoli, Catia Cipriano, Laura Costarelli, Silvia Tesei, Vittorio Saba, and Eugenio Mocchegiani. Patients with carotid stenosis have more GG and less TT in codon 2 of the hZIP2 gene than controls.
Neurodegeneration
"DNA Vaccine Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease: Present Status and Future Direction" by Yoshio Okura and Yoh Matsumoto. Review of vaccine therapies for Alzheimer's and positive data about non-viral DNA vaccine experiments on mice.
"Decreased Presence of Perforated Synapses in a Triple-Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease" by Carlo Bertoni-Freddari, Stefano L. Sensi, Belinda Giorgetti, Marta Balietti, Giuseppina Di Stefano, Lorella M.T. Canzoniero, Tiziana Casoli, and Patrizia Fattoretti. Comparison of the brains of an Alzheimer's mouse model with controls.
"An Ultrasensitive Assay for Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease" by Susanne Aileen Funke, Eva Birkmann, Franziska Henke, Philipp Görtz, Christian Lange-Asschenfeldt, Detlev Riesner, and Dieter Willbold. Test for amyloid beta using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (no idea). Correlations between those measurements and clinical AD symptoms. (Did this become accepted? Sounds very useful)
"Alzheimer's Disease-Like Changes in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infected Cells: The Case for Antiviral Therapy" by Ruth F. Itzhaki and Matthew A. Wozniak. Investigates link between HSV1 infection in the brain and AD, with APOE variants acting as modulators, possibly due to competitive binding of HSV1 entry into cell.
"Cerebral Amyloid-Beta Protein Accumulation with Aging in Cotton-Top Tamarins: A Model of Early Alzheimer's Disease?" by Cynthia A. Lemere, Jiwon Oh, Heather A. Stanish, Ying Peng, Imelda Pepivani, Anne M. Fagan, Haruyasu Yamaguchi, Susan V. Westmoreland, and Keith G. Mansfield. Cotton-top tamarins have amyloid beta plaques.
"Long-Term Visual Object Recognition Memory in Aged Rats" by Daniela Platano, Patrizia Fattoretti, Marta Balietti, Carlo Bertoni-Freddari, and Giorgio Aicardi. They developed a long term (24 hours) memory test that old rats can perform. Supposedly, none was reported before. Interesting also that number of rat-turds is used as a measurement of anxiety.
"Synaptic Remodeling in Hippocampal CA1 Region of Aged Rats Correlates with Better Memory Performance in Passive Avoidance Test" by Daniela Platano, Patrizia Fattoretti, Marta Balietti, Belinda Giorgetti, Tiziana Casoli, Giuseppina Di Stefano, Carlo Bertoni-Freddari, and Giorgio Aicardi. Density of synapses and mitochondria was higher and mitochondrial volume was lower in the rat CA1 hippocampal region 9 hours compared to 6 hours after a memory training exercise in rats that learnt well.
"Immunological Approaches for Amyloid-beta Clearance Toward Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease" by Beka Solomon. Seems to be a review of vaccines against amyloid-beta, but hard to tell.
"A Highly Sensitive Diagnostic Assay for Aggregate-Related Diseases, Including Prion Diseases and Alzheimer's Disease" by Eva Birkmann, Franziska Henke, Susanne Aileen Funke, Oliver Bannach, Detlev Riesner, and Dieter Willbold. Another ultra-sensitive test of protein aggregates by the same group as the one above. This time using surface-fluorescence intensity distribution analysis (and again, no idea).
"Aggregation and Amyloid Fibril Formation of the Prion Protein Is Accelerated in the Presence of Glycogen" by Giannantonio Panza, Jan Stöhr, Eva Birkmann, Detlev Riesner, Dieter Willbold, Otto Baba, Tatsuo Terashima, and Christian Dumpitak. Prion and prion fibril formation is accelerated by the presence of glycogen.
Stem cells
"Characterizing Endothelial Cells Derived from the Murine Embryonic Stem Cell Line CCE" by Fardin Fathi, Abbas Jafari Kermani, Leila Pirmoradi, Seyed Javad Mowla, and Takayuki Asahara. Description of a process to generate endothelial cells from mice ESCs, and characterisation of the generated cells.
"Characterization and Genetic Manipulation of Human Umbilical Cord Vein Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Potential Application in Cell-Based Gene Therapy" by Abbas Jafari Kermani, Fardin Fathi, and Seyed Javad Mowla. Isolation and characterisation of gene expression and surface markers of human umbilical cord vein mesenchymal stem cells. They also electroporated green fluorescent protein and brain-derived neurotrophic factor genes in and got them expressed.
Mitochondria and Oxidative Damage
"Selective Decline of the Metabolic Competence of Oversized Synaptic Mitochondria in the Old Monkey Cerebellum" by Carlo Bertoni-Freddari, Marta Balietti, Belinda Giorgetti, Yessica Grossi, Tiziana Casoli, Giuseppina Di Stefano, Gemma Perretta, and Patrizia Fattoretti. Numeric density, volume density, average volume and average length of mitochondria in the cortex wasn't different between adult and old crab-eating macaques. What was different was the ratio of COX cytochemical precipitate to area of the mitochondrion, which declined, but only in large mitochondria. They take that ratio to be a proxy for mitochondrial metabolic competence.
"Oxidative Stress in Patients with Acute Heart Failure" by Jean-Christophe Charniot, Noëlle Vignat, Jean-Paul Albertini, Vera Bogdanova, Khaled Zerhouni, Jean-Jacques Monsuez, Alain Legrand, Jean-Yves Artigou, and Dominique Bonnefont-Rousselot. Ten people with dilated cardiomyopathy. Higher thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and lower total antioxidant status (TAS), especially when they had arrythmias. Normal alpha-tocopherol, vitamin A and beta-carotene. TBARS and TAS returned to normal once patients returned to stable conditions.
"Anti-Inflammatory Senescence Actives 5203-L Molecule to Promote Healthy Aging and Prolongation of Lifespan" by Jean-François Bisson, Chantal Menut, and Patrizia d'Alessio. The monoterpene AISA 5203-L reverses replicative senescence of human vascular endothelial cells and mellows stress according to some tests. Focus seems to be on medium-stress inducing disease. Hippy vibe but maybe I'm misreading.
"Do Mitochondrial DNA and Metabolic Rate Complement Each Other in Determination of the Mammalian Maximum Longevity?" by Gilad Lehmann, Elena Segal, Khachik K. Muradian, and Vadim E. Fraifeld. GC content of mtDNA together with resting metabolic rate can explain 77% of the variation in maximum lifespan in a study of 140 mammalian species. Maybe interesting.
"Zinc, Metallothioneins, Longevity: Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Antioxidant Response: A Zincage Study" by Eugenio Mocchegiani and The Zincage Consortium. Something about zinc, clusterin, PARP-1 MSR-A, methallothioneins and IL-6. Not sure what.
Immunosenescence
"Immunosenescence and Anti-Immunosenescence Therapies: The Case of Probiotics" by Giuseppina Candore, Carmela Rita Balistreri, Giuseppina Colonna-Romano, Maria Paola Grimaldi, Domenico Lio, Florinda Listi', Letizia Scola, Sonya Vasto, and Calogero Caruso. Possible strategies to defend against thymic involution, domination by memory T-cell and chronic inflammation through probiotics.
"B Cell Immunosenescence in the Elderly and in Centenarians" by Giuseppina Colonna-Romano, Matteo Bulati, Alessandra Aquino, Salvatore Vitello, Domenico Lio, Giuseppina Candore, and Calogero Caruso. B-cells in old people don't respond to new pathogens.
Intracellular Aggregates
"Can Lipofuscin Accumulation Be Prevented?" by Tino Kurz. Reducing intralysosomal iron reduces oxidative stress which could reduce lipofuscin formation. Wants to try pulse doses of iron chelators to see.
"Accumulating Insoluble Protein and Rate of Aging" by Anund Hallén. Thinks there's a link between the exponential form of the Gompertz law with the logarithmic space available to macromolecules in cells due to the formation of a polymer network in the cell which stops the macromolecules/colloids from moving through the cell.
Cell senescence
"Role of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell Senescence" by Christoph Muck, Lucia Micutkova, Werner Zwerschke, and Pidder Jansen-Durr. IGFBP-3 transfection induces apoptosis and senescence in HUVEC. Knockdown by shRNA doesn't revert that.
"Metallothionein Downregulation in Very Old Age: A Phenomenon Associated with Cellular Senescence?" by Marco Malavolta, Catia Cipriano, Laura Costarelli, Robertina Giacconi, Silvia Tesei, Elisa Muti, Francesco Piacenza, Sara Pierpaoli, Annis Larbi, Graham Pawelec, George Dedoussis, George Herbein, Daniela Monti, Jolanta Jajte, Lothar Rink, and Eugenio Mocchegiani. MT proteins decrease in the very old, independent of zinc intake. Age-dependent zinc changes also happen in CD4+ T cells in vitro and peripheral blood mononuclear cells ex-vivo. They follow this with a "thus" old age problems might be partially attributable to diminished cell proliferation, implying that the above is related to cell proliferation.
"Repeat Mild Heat Shock Increases Dermal Fibroblast Activity and Collagen Production" by Andrew E. Mayes and Caroline D. Holyoak. What the title says, in cells from a 12, 22 and 65 year olds.
Nutrient Sensing
"Relationship Between Calorie Restriction and the Biological Clock: Lessons from Long-Lived Transgenic Mice" by Oren Froy, Nava Chapnik, and Ruth Miskin. alpha-MUPA mice eat 20% less and live 20% longer. They have high amplitude, appropriately reset circadian rhythms in clock gene expression, and circadian behaviours. (I'm not sure what that means. That the sun resets the gene expression rhythm quickly?) They say that since CR resets circadian rhythm, maybe that's a mediator of the longevity extension.
"Enhancing Longevity: Novel Caloric Restriction Mimetics" by Alexander E. Michalow. No abstract. First page didn't get to the point.
Psychological, Political, and Social Context
"Zinc in Elderly People: Effects of Zinc Supplementation on Psychological Dimensions in Dependence of IL-6 -174 Polymorphism: A Zincage Study" by Fiorella Marcellini, Cinzia Giuli, Roberta Papa, Cristina Gagliardi, George Dedoussis, Daniela Monti, Jolanta Jajte, Robertina Giacconi, Marco Malavolta, and Eugenio Mocchegiani. Looked at zinc intake combined with 174-polymorphism in IL-6 in old people. Improved perceived stress but not results of mini-mental state examination or geriatric depression scale.
"Making the Political Case for Biogerontology Funding: A View from the Trenches" by Huber R. Warner. Funding.
General
"Have We Reached the Point for In Vivo Rejuvenation?" by Amir Abramovich, Khachik K. Muradian, and Vadim E. Fraifeld. Wants to try de-differentiation and re-differentiation in vivo. Hints at iPSCs. Was waiting for this to pop up.
"Scientific Justification of Cryonics Practice" by Benjamin P. Best. Open access but not reading. I suspect I'm familiar with the arguments, don't need to be convinced.
"Youth Maintenance and Postponing Human Aging in Reality" by Ülo Kristjuhan. Nothing concrete in abstract (not intended), but vaguely how to accelerate the life extension currently happening.
"Role of Environmental and Genetic Factor Interaction in Age-Related Disease Development: The Gastric Cancer Paradigm" by Giusi Irma Forte, Cinzia Calà, Letizia Scola, Antonino Crivello, Arianna Gullo, Lorenzo Marasà, Antonio Giacalone, Celestino Bonura, Calogero Caruso, Domenico Lio, and Anna Giammanco. The 511T-variant of IL-1 beta is associated with an increased risk of chronic gastritis.
'“Accelerating Aging” Chemotherapy on Aged Animals: Protective Effect from Nutraceutical Modulation' by Francesco Marotta, Masatoshi Harada, Emilio Minelli, Suzanne K. Ono-Nita, and Paulo Marandola. Denshichi-Tochiu-Sen recovered macrophage chemotaxis, function and concentration and some other things on mice given chemotherapy.
"Muscular Metabolism in Aged Rats Under Exhaustive Exercise: Effect of a Modified Alkaline Supplementation" by Francesco Marotta, De Hua Chui, Aldo Lorenzetti, Flavia Fayet, Tsin Liu, and Paolo Marandola. They added modified alkalizing supplementation (MAS) to some rats running them to exhaustion. Exercise increased lactic acid and creatin-phosphokinase, and dropped muscle glycogen. MAS group had bigger succinate dehydrogenase and acetylcarinitine increases.
"Genetic Polymorphisms and Human Aging: Association Studies Deliver" by David Melzer. GWAS found polymorphisms in INK4a/INK4b and CDKN2a/b genes in p16/p15 locus linked with differences in physical function in old people. Later GWAS studying type 2 diabetes and MI confirms importance of this locus.
"Making SENSE: Strategies for Engineering Negligible Senescence Evolutionarily" by Michael R. Rose. Treat aging through evolutionary means. Rose-ish content.
Wednesday, September 2, 2015
Issue 1, 2008
By the abstracts:
"Human Embryonic Stem Cell Telomere Length Impacts Directly on Clonal Progenitor Isolation Frequency" by Nicholas R. Forsyth and Jim McWhir. They identify and grab some partially differentiated hESCs that divide a lot and count how many times they can divide. They measure the length of the telomeres of the parent hESCs and say that the number of times that the offspring divided matches the telomere-bound limit. They also insert hTERT and I think they are saying that the offspring can then replicate forever but I'm not clear about this. Did this end up being true? Sounds pretty good if it did.
"Embryonic Stem Cells: From Markers to Market" by Kaushik Dilip Deb, Anitha Devi Jayaprakash, Vijay Sharma, and Satish Totey. Review paper about safety epigenetic markers, stemness gene-expression markers and lineage gene-expression markers in hESCs.
"Epigenetic Engineering and Its Possible Role in Anti-Aging Intervention" by Alexander M. Vaiserman. Hypothesises that the hormetic effect on lifespan might come about through a common epigenetic mechanism regardless of the type of stressor. Seems to be talking about early-life mild stressors only.
"Long-Term Treatment with a Yang-Invigorating Chinese Herbal Formula Produces Generalized Tissue Protection Against Oxidative Damage in Rats" by Po Yee Chiu, Hoi Yan Leung, Ada Hoi Ling Siu, Na Chen, Michel K.T. Poon, and Kam Ming Ko. Spruiking Vigconic 28. Tested on female rats, claims to have increased copper-zinc superoxide dismutase levels and general oxidant damage resistance in tissue and mitochondria.
"Fatty Acid Profile of Erythrocyte Membranes As Possible Biomarker of Longevity" by Annibale A. Puca, Peter Andrew, Valeria Novelli, Chiara Viviani Anselmi, Francesco Somalvico, Nicola A. Cirillo, Chryssostomos Chatgilialoglu, and Carla Ferreri. 90-something year olds have more monounsaturated and less long polyunsaturated fatty acids in their red blood cells.
"Immunoproteasome in Macaca fascicularis: No Age-Dependent Modification of Abundance and Activity in the Brain and Insight into an in silico Structural Model" by Elena Bellavista, Michele Mishto, Aurelia Santoro, Carlo Bertoni-Freddari, Richard B. Sessions, and Claudio Franceschi. Not really sure. They find no difference in activity of these proteasome proteins in young and old in different parts of the brains of crab-eating macaques, except in one area. They also built a model of something, but it's all beyond me.
"Lifelong α-Tocopherol Supplementation Increases the Median Life Span of C57BL/6 Mice in the Cold but Has Only Minor Effects on Oxidative Damage" by Colin Selman, Jane S. McLaren, Claus Mayer, Jackie S. Duncan, Andrew R. Collins, Garry G. Duthie, Paula Redman, and John R. Speakman. What the title says. Cold means 7 degrees. 785 days vs 682 days. 44 in each group.
"Elastin Haploinsufficiency Induces Alternative Aging Processes in the Aorta" by Mylène Pezet, Marie-Paule Jacob, Brigitte Escoubet, Dealba Gheduzzi, Emmanuelle Tillet, Pascale Perret, Philippe Huber, Daniela Quaglino, Roger Vranckx, Dean Y. Li, Barry Starcher, Walter A. Boyle, Robert P. Mecham, and Gilles Faury. Elastin is synthesised only in early life (!). Mice (+/-) on Eln had same lifespan, but looked like they had vascular issues early, typical of stiff arteries, but didn't have the issues later with arterial wall thickening and alpha-1-adrenoceptor-mediated vasoconstriction.
"Paraoxonase 1: Genetics and Activities During Aging" by Francesca Marchegiani, Maurizio Marra, Fabiola Olivieri, Maurizio Cardelli, Richard W. James, Massimo Boemi, and Claudio Franceschi. Paroxonase-1 is an enzyme that protects lipids from peroxidative damage. This is a review of its possible effects on human longevity.
"Hypermagnesemia Predicts Mortality in Elderly with Congestive Heart Disease: Relationship with Laxative and Antacid Use" by Graziamaria Corbi, Domenico Acanfora, Gian Luca Iannuzzi, Giancarlo Longobardi, Francesco Cacciatore, Giuseppe Furgi, Amelia Filippelli, Giuseppe Rengo, Dario Leosco, and Nicola Ferrara. 3-year survival of 17.3 vs 22.5 months of hypermagnesia vs normomagnesia in 200 CHF >65 year old patients. Other measurements too.
"Exercise Training Promotes SIRT1 Activity in Aged Rats" by Nicola Ferrara, Barbara Rinaldi, Graziamaria Corbi, Valeria Conti, Paola Stiuso, Silvia Boccuti, Giuseppe Rengo, Francesco Rossi, and Amelia Filippelli. Lot of cites of this one for some reason. Aging reduced SIRT1 activity in the heart but not in the fat. Decreased MnSOD and catalase in both. Increased oxidation markers in both. Exercised old rats had higher MnSOD and catalase in both. Increased FOXO3a protein in the heart and mRNA in the fat. Increased SIRT1 in the heart.
"Development and Validation of a Multidimensional Prognostic Index for One-Year Mortality from Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment in Hospitalized Older Patients" by Alberto Pilotto, Luigi Ferrucci, Marilisa Franceschi, Luigi P. D'Ambrosio, Carlo Scarcelli, Leandro Cascavilla, Francesco Paris, Giuliana Placentino, Davide Seripa, Bruno Dallapiccola, and Gioacchino Leandro. Also a crapload of cites. 63-variable classifier with a 0.751 ROC on 6-month and 1-year mortality. 850 people in each of the training and validation set.
"Human Sarcopenia Reveals an Increase in SOCS-3 and Myostatin and a Reduced Efficiency of Akt Phosphorylation" by Bertrand Léger, Wim Derave, Katrien De Bock, Peter Hespel, and Aaron P. Russell. Tons of cites. Fast-muscle cross-sectional fibre area 45% lower in 70-year olds compared to 20-year olds. Higher myostatin, TNF-alpha, SOCS-3, total, but not phosphorilated, Akt, GSK-3beta. Lower growth hormone reeptor and IGF-1 mRNA.
"Effect of Senescence on Macrophage Polarization and Angiogenesis" by Dru S. Dace and Rajendra S. Apte. Review of age-related changes in innate immune system, especially macrophages and eye disease.
"Response to Histamine Allows the Functional Identification of Neuronal Progenitors, Neurons, Astrocytes, and Immature Cells in Subventricular Zone Cell Cultures" by Fabienne Agasse, Liliana Bernardino, Bruno Silva, Raquel Ferreira, Sofia Grade, and João O. Malva. A brain one. I suck at brain ones. They distinguish type of neurons by grabbing one and pumping histamine or potassium chloride on it and seeing how their calcium-ion levels changed.
"Dietary Supplementation Exerts Neuroprotective Effects in Ischemic Stroke Model" by Takao Yasuhara, Koichi Hara, Mina Maki, Tadashi Masuda, Cyndy D. Sanberg, Paul R. Sanberg, Paula C. Bickford, and Cesar V. Borlongan. Gave rats blueberry, green tea, vitamin D3 and carnosine, then gave them a stroke. Treated rats did better. 8 rats per group.
"Tonic β-Adrenergic Drive Provokes Proinflammatory and Proapoptotic Changes in Aging Mouse Heart" by Aihua Hu, Xiangying Jiao, Erhe Gao, Yonghai Li, Said Sharifi-Azad, Zvi Grunwald, Xin L. Ma, and Jian-Zhong Sun. Older mice had higher inducible nitric oxide synthase, CRP and myocardial apoptosis. Can generate those same issues in young mice by pumping isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic receptor stimulator.
"Zinc Supplementation in the Elderly Reduces Spontaneous Inflammatory Cytokine Release and Restores T Cell Functions" by Laura Kahmann, Peter Uciechowski, Sabine Warmuth, Birgit Plümäkers, Axel M. Gressner, Marco Malavolta, Eugenio Mocchegiani, and Lothar Rink. Zinced up 19 old people. Cytokine release went down, and something else, claiming lower inflamation but better immune response.
"Cognitive Training Is Ineffective in Hypoxemic COPD: A Six-Month Randomized Controlled Trial" by Raffaele Antonelli Incalzi, Andrea Corsonello, Luigi Trojano, Claudio Pedone, Domenico Acanfora, Aldo Spada, Orsola Izzo, and Franco Rengo. Cognitive training plus standard care did no better than standard care for people with COPD on cognitive performance at 6 months. 50 people per group. Negative results always sound more believable.
"An Inverse Association Between Self-Reported Arthritis and Mortality in the Elderly: Findings from the National Long-Term Care Survey" by Alexander M. Kulminski, Irina V. Kulminskaya, Svetlana V. Ukraintseva, Kenneth Land, and Anatoli I. Yashin. Strange one: people who reported to have arthritis lived longer. Relative risk 0.81. Result of fishing?
"Human Embryonic Stem Cell Telomere Length Impacts Directly on Clonal Progenitor Isolation Frequency" by Nicholas R. Forsyth and Jim McWhir. They identify and grab some partially differentiated hESCs that divide a lot and count how many times they can divide. They measure the length of the telomeres of the parent hESCs and say that the number of times that the offspring divided matches the telomere-bound limit. They also insert hTERT and I think they are saying that the offspring can then replicate forever but I'm not clear about this. Did this end up being true? Sounds pretty good if it did.
"Embryonic Stem Cells: From Markers to Market" by Kaushik Dilip Deb, Anitha Devi Jayaprakash, Vijay Sharma, and Satish Totey. Review paper about safety epigenetic markers, stemness gene-expression markers and lineage gene-expression markers in hESCs.
"Epigenetic Engineering and Its Possible Role in Anti-Aging Intervention" by Alexander M. Vaiserman. Hypothesises that the hormetic effect on lifespan might come about through a common epigenetic mechanism regardless of the type of stressor. Seems to be talking about early-life mild stressors only.
"Long-Term Treatment with a Yang-Invigorating Chinese Herbal Formula Produces Generalized Tissue Protection Against Oxidative Damage in Rats" by Po Yee Chiu, Hoi Yan Leung, Ada Hoi Ling Siu, Na Chen, Michel K.T. Poon, and Kam Ming Ko. Spruiking Vigconic 28. Tested on female rats, claims to have increased copper-zinc superoxide dismutase levels and general oxidant damage resistance in tissue and mitochondria.
"Fatty Acid Profile of Erythrocyte Membranes As Possible Biomarker of Longevity" by Annibale A. Puca, Peter Andrew, Valeria Novelli, Chiara Viviani Anselmi, Francesco Somalvico, Nicola A. Cirillo, Chryssostomos Chatgilialoglu, and Carla Ferreri. 90-something year olds have more monounsaturated and less long polyunsaturated fatty acids in their red blood cells.
"Immunoproteasome in Macaca fascicularis: No Age-Dependent Modification of Abundance and Activity in the Brain and Insight into an in silico Structural Model" by Elena Bellavista, Michele Mishto, Aurelia Santoro, Carlo Bertoni-Freddari, Richard B. Sessions, and Claudio Franceschi. Not really sure. They find no difference in activity of these proteasome proteins in young and old in different parts of the brains of crab-eating macaques, except in one area. They also built a model of something, but it's all beyond me.
"Lifelong α-Tocopherol Supplementation Increases the Median Life Span of C57BL/6 Mice in the Cold but Has Only Minor Effects on Oxidative Damage" by Colin Selman, Jane S. McLaren, Claus Mayer, Jackie S. Duncan, Andrew R. Collins, Garry G. Duthie, Paula Redman, and John R. Speakman. What the title says. Cold means 7 degrees. 785 days vs 682 days. 44 in each group.
"Elastin Haploinsufficiency Induces Alternative Aging Processes in the Aorta" by Mylène Pezet, Marie-Paule Jacob, Brigitte Escoubet, Dealba Gheduzzi, Emmanuelle Tillet, Pascale Perret, Philippe Huber, Daniela Quaglino, Roger Vranckx, Dean Y. Li, Barry Starcher, Walter A. Boyle, Robert P. Mecham, and Gilles Faury. Elastin is synthesised only in early life (!). Mice (+/-) on Eln had same lifespan, but looked like they had vascular issues early, typical of stiff arteries, but didn't have the issues later with arterial wall thickening and alpha-1-adrenoceptor-mediated vasoconstriction.
"Paraoxonase 1: Genetics and Activities During Aging" by Francesca Marchegiani, Maurizio Marra, Fabiola Olivieri, Maurizio Cardelli, Richard W. James, Massimo Boemi, and Claudio Franceschi. Paroxonase-1 is an enzyme that protects lipids from peroxidative damage. This is a review of its possible effects on human longevity.
"Hypermagnesemia Predicts Mortality in Elderly with Congestive Heart Disease: Relationship with Laxative and Antacid Use" by Graziamaria Corbi, Domenico Acanfora, Gian Luca Iannuzzi, Giancarlo Longobardi, Francesco Cacciatore, Giuseppe Furgi, Amelia Filippelli, Giuseppe Rengo, Dario Leosco, and Nicola Ferrara. 3-year survival of 17.3 vs 22.5 months of hypermagnesia vs normomagnesia in 200 CHF >65 year old patients. Other measurements too.
"Exercise Training Promotes SIRT1 Activity in Aged Rats" by Nicola Ferrara, Barbara Rinaldi, Graziamaria Corbi, Valeria Conti, Paola Stiuso, Silvia Boccuti, Giuseppe Rengo, Francesco Rossi, and Amelia Filippelli. Lot of cites of this one for some reason. Aging reduced SIRT1 activity in the heart but not in the fat. Decreased MnSOD and catalase in both. Increased oxidation markers in both. Exercised old rats had higher MnSOD and catalase in both. Increased FOXO3a protein in the heart and mRNA in the fat. Increased SIRT1 in the heart.
"Development and Validation of a Multidimensional Prognostic Index for One-Year Mortality from Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment in Hospitalized Older Patients" by Alberto Pilotto, Luigi Ferrucci, Marilisa Franceschi, Luigi P. D'Ambrosio, Carlo Scarcelli, Leandro Cascavilla, Francesco Paris, Giuliana Placentino, Davide Seripa, Bruno Dallapiccola, and Gioacchino Leandro. Also a crapload of cites. 63-variable classifier with a 0.751 ROC on 6-month and 1-year mortality. 850 people in each of the training and validation set.
"Human Sarcopenia Reveals an Increase in SOCS-3 and Myostatin and a Reduced Efficiency of Akt Phosphorylation" by Bertrand Léger, Wim Derave, Katrien De Bock, Peter Hespel, and Aaron P. Russell. Tons of cites. Fast-muscle cross-sectional fibre area 45% lower in 70-year olds compared to 20-year olds. Higher myostatin, TNF-alpha, SOCS-3, total, but not phosphorilated, Akt, GSK-3beta. Lower growth hormone reeptor and IGF-1 mRNA.
"Effect of Senescence on Macrophage Polarization and Angiogenesis" by Dru S. Dace and Rajendra S. Apte. Review of age-related changes in innate immune system, especially macrophages and eye disease.
"Response to Histamine Allows the Functional Identification of Neuronal Progenitors, Neurons, Astrocytes, and Immature Cells in Subventricular Zone Cell Cultures" by Fabienne Agasse, Liliana Bernardino, Bruno Silva, Raquel Ferreira, Sofia Grade, and João O. Malva. A brain one. I suck at brain ones. They distinguish type of neurons by grabbing one and pumping histamine or potassium chloride on it and seeing how their calcium-ion levels changed.
"Dietary Supplementation Exerts Neuroprotective Effects in Ischemic Stroke Model" by Takao Yasuhara, Koichi Hara, Mina Maki, Tadashi Masuda, Cyndy D. Sanberg, Paul R. Sanberg, Paula C. Bickford, and Cesar V. Borlongan. Gave rats blueberry, green tea, vitamin D3 and carnosine, then gave them a stroke. Treated rats did better. 8 rats per group.
"Tonic β-Adrenergic Drive Provokes Proinflammatory and Proapoptotic Changes in Aging Mouse Heart" by Aihua Hu, Xiangying Jiao, Erhe Gao, Yonghai Li, Said Sharifi-Azad, Zvi Grunwald, Xin L. Ma, and Jian-Zhong Sun. Older mice had higher inducible nitric oxide synthase, CRP and myocardial apoptosis. Can generate those same issues in young mice by pumping isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic receptor stimulator.
"Zinc Supplementation in the Elderly Reduces Spontaneous Inflammatory Cytokine Release and Restores T Cell Functions" by Laura Kahmann, Peter Uciechowski, Sabine Warmuth, Birgit Plümäkers, Axel M. Gressner, Marco Malavolta, Eugenio Mocchegiani, and Lothar Rink. Zinced up 19 old people. Cytokine release went down, and something else, claiming lower inflamation but better immune response.
"Cognitive Training Is Ineffective in Hypoxemic COPD: A Six-Month Randomized Controlled Trial" by Raffaele Antonelli Incalzi, Andrea Corsonello, Luigi Trojano, Claudio Pedone, Domenico Acanfora, Aldo Spada, Orsola Izzo, and Franco Rengo. Cognitive training plus standard care did no better than standard care for people with COPD on cognitive performance at 6 months. 50 people per group. Negative results always sound more believable.
"An Inverse Association Between Self-Reported Arthritis and Mortality in the Elderly: Findings from the National Long-Term Care Survey" by Alexander M. Kulminski, Irina V. Kulminskaya, Svetlana V. Ukraintseva, Kenneth Land, and Anatoli I. Yashin. Strange one: people who reported to have arthritis lived longer. Relative risk 0.81. Result of fishing?
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